In Yōlcamē

Yehhuāntin tlacah. Nōchi cē ihuān cē.

Occachi 92 mil millones yōlcamē īpan tlālli — ihuān billones michin — miquih ic tlacuālli nōchi xihuitl. Cada cē yehhuātl cē 'āquīn', amo cē 'tlein'. Inīn āmatl yehhuātl cē tlahcuilōlli itech āquīntin yehhuāntin, ihuān tlein mochīhua īpān yehhuāntin.

Yehhuāntin tlacah. Nōchi cē ihuān cē.
Photo: Slaunger / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)
01

Pipiltin (Gallinas)

Ōcachi pipiltin momictiah nohhuian tlālli-yolmeh.

Mocuepah ōcachi chicahuac āhmo cualli — quexquich chicuēyi semana quipōhua inīyōllōtl. Tototzin-cihuah ehua chicuēyi xihuitl in cāxoloh amo huey in cēmeh. Totōllin-oquichtin momictiah ahnozo moquaqualoa nohhuian īpān tlacatiliztli.

  • Ōcachi 75 billones pipiltin momictiah cēxiuh īpampa nacatl.
  • 260 millones totōllin-oquichtin momictiah cēxiuh in huevo-industria.
  • Pipiltin quimachilia ōcachi 100 tlācah ihuan quimpiāh cualli panōtl.
02

Huacameh

In leche amo pāquiliz — cā inān yōllōtl.

Cihuā-huacameh motlanihtiah cēxiuh. Inīmichhuan momemelhuitiah ōcachi chicuēyi ilhuitl — oquichtin namacoh veal-īpampa, cihuātin ōmpa itztōcah in ōme-nēmiliztli. Inīnacayo, ōcachi huei selective breeding-itztica, momictiah ōcachi macuilli xihuitl. Inneltiliztli cā matlaxtli.

  • Cihuā-huacameh ōtlanēxtih momahhuizōtiāh īhuān quitemohtiāh inīmichhuan miectin tōnaltin.
  • Cuernos tlachiāltia, branding ihuan tetēntlapohualiztli ahmo-pātiāztica.
  • Huacame ihuan leche quinpixcah ōcachi 60% in livestock-gas.
03

Pipiānih (Cerdos)

Ixtlamatiz in ōme-xihuitl-piltōntli. Mopotonia cē unidad.

Cihuā-pipiānih nēmih inīnacayo-cāuh ōcachi chicahuac amo nehnemih. Piyomeh mochihua castration, cola-tlachiāltia ihuan dientes-neltia zan ahmo anestesia. In ōcachi pipiānih ahmo quitta tōnatiuh ica mimiquiztli-tōnaltech.

  • Pipiānih mopātiāh puzzles, tlācuiloh ihuan momachtiāh.
  • Ōcachi 1.5 billones pipiānih momictiah cēxiuh.
  • Pipiānih-cāuh cā in ōcachi huey amoniaco-ehecatl-tlapolōliztli.
04

Michin

In ōcachi huey, amo tēpōhualōni, amo tēmāhuiztilili yolmeh-pahpahtiliztli.

Michin quinmati tōnaliz. In tlahtōl ōtechmachiti ōcachi ōme xihuitl. Xan trilllones momiquih cēxiuh — ahmo ehecatl-ica, redes-ica, ahnozo ātl-cāuh-ītlan parasitos quinqualiāh.

  • Ōmomachiti 1–2.8 trilllones michin-ātlēhuac momictiah cēxiuh.
  • Salmon in fábricas aquacultura quipōhua ōcachi 50% inīxōllōyōl parásito-itztica.
  • Acuacultura cā in ōcachi chicahuac tlacualli-tlamani — ihuan in ōcachi ahmo bienestar animal-itztica.
05

Ichcameh & Chivameh

Exportación-viva — camion ihuan ātl-ica — inīnacayo-itztica mocuepah.

Ichcapiltin momictiah zan ēyi āhnozo matlactli metztli-pa. Mulesing, cola-tlachiāltia ihuan castración cēmilhuitl, zan ahmo anestesia. Barcos-exportación quinhuicah ōcachi tlācah ātl-ōc cēxiuh; miquiztli tlatecpanōcah xan naci.

  • Ōcachi 550 millones ichcameh momictiah cēxiuh nacatl-īpampa.
  • Exportación-viva ātl-ōc ōcachi cē metztli tlapalēhuiz.
  • Chiva-leche axcan quichihua ōme-nēmiliztli cēxiuh in huacame-ōtlahtōc.
06

Michin-ātlēhuac & Tecuinanmeh

Hueyātl motlapolōltia ōcachi chicahuac in tlein cualli quipōhua.

In 2050, in axcan ōtlahtōcah, in ōcachi especie comercial momictiz. Cuahuitl-tlauhqui ātlāpanah tlahmāitlaztica; redes-hueyeh quinmictiah pájaros-ātl, tiburones ihuan tortugasmeh bycatch.

  • Ōcachi 40% in cēmaniyān ātl-mōpixca mopēhua bycatch.
  • Fishing gear cā in ōcachi plastic huey in hueyātl.
  • Ōcachi cētlāmantli etl ātl-mōpixca ōcachi chicahuac momictiah.
Species deep dives

In aquin ye, huan tlen in industry quichihua.

In yolqueh ipan in tlacualiztli ye tlatlacah ihuan cualcahuac tlacuiloliztli, social tlamantli, huan, in aquin oquimachtli, oquichihua emotional range. In cualcahuac profiles oquichihua ipan peer-reviewed animal behavior research ihuan oquichihua standard industry practices. Ahmo ye arguments ihuan sentiment — ye arguments ihuan evidence.

01

Cuauhtotolin

Cognition

Cuauhtotolin quichihua numeracy, self-control, huan basic forms ihuan empathy. Studies oquichihua in cualcahuac distress responses in inmech quipiya in inpixcayotl ihuan mild stress — ce tlamantli ihuan primitive empathy. Ye hueliz deception, quipiya cualcahuac personalities, huan quimachtih ihuan observation. In in-cognitive capacity ye cualcahuac cualcahuac in cultural assumptions quichihua.

Natural life

Ipan ahmo industrial contexts, cuauhtotolin quichihua cualcahuac social hierarchies, forage widely, dustbathe, establish roosting sites, huan engage ipan complex vocal communication. Hens quimoyahuah 10–15 eggs ce xihuitl — in clutch size evolution oquichihua. Quichihuah eggs huan quipiya chicks ihuan ce tlamantli parental care in aquin cualcahuac miyac semana.

The industry

Broiler chickens ye slaughtered ipan 35–42 tonalli — cualcahuac 8% in in-natural lifespan. Ininyoliliz oquichihua breast mass ihuan extreme in aquin cardiovascular huan skeletal problems ye cualcahuac achto slaughter. Laying hens quimoyahuah 250–300 eggs ce xihuitl ihuan ce tlamantli genetics huan light manipulation. Ipan battery cage systems, nochi yolqueh quipiya aproximadamente 550 cm² ihuan space — nochi cualcahuac in area ihuan ce sheet of paper.

02

Cochametl

Cognition

Cochametl ye tlahuelilli ihuan in cualcahuac cognitively complex ahmo-human animals. Quichihuah cualcahuac in dogs ipan miyac learning tasks, quichihuah long-term memory, huan quichihua evidence ihuan metacognition — ce awareness ihuan tlen quichihuah huan ahmo quimixilia. Studies published ipan Animal Cognition huan cualcahuac journals oquichihua cochameh quimixilia in inmech ipan mirrors, quichihuah tools, huan quichihuah multi-step problems.

Natural life

Ipan natural conditions, cochameh quichihuah complex social groups, quichihuah nests ihuan vegetation, huan nurse inpilhuan ihuan miyac semanas. Quichihuah cualcahuac maternal care. Natural lifespan ye 15–20 xihuitl. Cochameh quichihuah miyac kilómetros ipan tonalli ihuan forage, dustbathe, huan socialize ihuan familia members.

The industry

Industrial cochameh ye killed ipan 5–6 metztli — cualcahuac 5% in in-natural lifespan. Sows ye confined ipan gestation crates ihuan ahmo space ihuan rotation; oquichihuah cualcahuac in inmech body length. Piglets ye qualana ihuan inmech nanantli ipan 3–4 semanas, miyac ahuelis natural ihuan 12–17 semanas. Tail docking, teeth clipping, huan castration ye quichihua ahmo anesthesia.

03

Vacas

Cognition

Cows quichihua lasting friendships ihuan individual herd members huan quichihua signs ihuan tlen researchers quichihua emotional contagion — in inhueliz hueliz ihuan ihuan in inmixiliztli huan ihuan in inmahualiztli. Quichihuah curiosity (cualcahuac quichihuah 'bovine excitement') in aquin oquichihua novel environments, huan quimixilia negative experiences ihuan specific individuals o locations ihuan long periods.

Natural life

Cows ipan natural o extensive conditions graze oc miyac ocho horas ce tonalli, quichihua in oc ce in inyoliliz ruminating, socialising, huan resting. Cows quichihua tight bonds ihuan inyolilizh, huan quipiya complex social relationships ihuan xihuitl. Natural lifespan ye 15–20 xihuitl. In mother-calf bond ye cualcahuac cualcahuac in ungulates.

The industry

Dairy cows cualcahuac quichihua milk ihuan nahui o cinco lactation cycles achto in inyoliliz tlaixcuapanolli in aquin slaughter ye economical — cualcahuac ipan xihuitl 4–5, ihuan natural lifespan ihuan 15–20. Nochi cycle quichihua pregnancy, huan nochi calf ye qualana ihuan horas ihuan birth. Male dairy calves — ihuan ahmo comercial value ipan in dairy operation — ye killed immediately o sold ipan in veal industry.

04

Michin

Cognition

Fish cognition ye ce rapidly advancing research area. Studies oquichihua social learning, long-term individual recognition, use ihuan tools (wrasse oquichihua rocks in aquin crack shellfish), Machiavellian social strategies ipan cleaner fish, huan responses ipan noxious stimuli in aquin parallel pain responses ipan mammals. In assumption in michin ahmo quichihua pain ye ahmo cualcahuac ipan in scientific literature.

Natural life

Fish species cualcahuac cualcahuac, cualcahuac nochi, yoliliztli quichihua navigation ihuan complex three-dimensional environments, social group dynamics (shoaling, schooling, territorial behavior), huan individual problem-solving. Salmon migrate miyacpa mil kilometros ipan spawning grounds ihuan magnetic field navigation. Rays play. Groupers cooperate ihuan moray eels in aquin hunt. In diversity ihuan fish cognition huan behavior ye ahmo cualcahuac represented ipan public discourse.

The industry

Wild-catch fisheries quimictiah ipan 1 huan 2.8 trillion fish nochi xihuitl — ce estimate in aquin cualcahuac cualcahuac ipan in michin deaths ye routinely uncounted ipan global food statistics. Farmed fish ipan aquaculture facilities ye held ipan sea pens o tanks ipan densities in aquin quichihua chronic stress, injury ihuan fin damage, huan immune suppression. In miyac ye slaughtered ahmo stunning.

05

Ichcatl

Cognition

Sheep hueli quimixilia oc miyac 50 individual faces — nochi ovine huan human — ihuan oc miyac ontetl xihuitl, huan hueli quimixilia emotional expressions ipan human faces. Quichihuah anxiety, depression-like states, huan quichihua positive emotional stimuli. In aquin cows, quichihua strong social bonds huan quichihua measurable physiological stress in aquin qualana ihuan companions.

Natural life

Sheep ye social animals in aquin graze, rest, huan move ihuan cohesive groups. Ewes quipiya close bond ihuan inyolilizh ihuan cequi metztli, quimixilia in inmech ihuan sight, sound, huan smell. Ipan ahmo-intensive systems, sheep quipiya natural lifespans ihuan 10–12 xihuitl. Ahmo ye passive in aquin cultural stereotypes quichihua — oquichihua in aquin hueliz active decision-making huan independent navigation.

The industry

Lambs in aquin destined ihuan meat ye cualcahuac slaughtered ipan 4–12 metztli. Ipan mulesing — cualcahuac ipan Australian wool production — ce section ihuan skin ye cut ihuan around the hindquarters ahmo anaesthetic in aquin prevent flystrike. Shearing, in aquin ahmo cualcahuac harmful, routinely quichihua cuts huan abrasions ipan commercial operations in aquin speed ye prioritised. Ewes ipan intensive dairy production ye milked ipan cycles similar ipan cows.

06

Tlichtli

Cognition

Rabbits ye oc miyac cognitively complex in aquin in in-common treatment quichihua. Quichihuah spatial problems, quimachtih ihuan observation, quichihuah huan quimixilia referential cues ihuan humans, huan quipiya individual personalities ranging ihuan bold ipan cautious. Quichihuah extensively ihuan body language huan quichihua affection ihuan grooming behavior cualcahuac allogrooming.

Natural life

Wild rabbits nemih ipan social groups centred ipan shared burrow systems. Quichihuah dawn huan dusk foraging huan quipiya elaborate social structures ihuan clear individual relationships. Quichihuah play, cualcahuac in aquin young. Domestic rabbits, in aquin quipiya appropriate space, quichihua in sami range ihuan behaviors.

The industry

Farmed rabbits ihuan meat ye kept ipan wire cages in aquin prevent burrowing, running, o social bonding. Miyac rabbit farming quichihua ahmo the welfare legislation in aquin covers pigs, chickens, o cattle ipan miyac jurisdictions — rabbits ye cualcahuac ahmo protected farmed animals legally. Ye slaughtered ipan 10–12 semana, cualcahuac ahmo prior stunning.

Michin ihuan in tlacualiztli

In cualcahuac tlamantli ipan in cualcahuac ahmo cualcahuac industry.

In aquin tlacatl tlahtolpanoli, in michin tlacualiztli ahmo cualcahuac quipiya in tlahtolli. In cualcahuac michin tlacualiztli quipiya oc miyac oc ce tlamantli. Ipan 1 huan 2.8 trillion michin quimocuah tlalticpactli ce xihuitl — ce tlamantli in aquin cualcahuac cualcahuac ipan in michin deaths ye routinely uncounted ipan global food statistics. Intla oquincuentazke, oquincuentazke nochi oc ce tlamantli ipan tlacualiztli tlacuiloliztli.

Oc ce in cualcahuac mictiliztli, in michin tlacualiztli quichihua cualcahuac bycatch: ahmo-target species oquichihua huan oquichihua cualcahuac o mictiliztli, ihuan dolphins, turtles, seabirds, huan juvenile fish ihuan nochi species. Bottom trawling — ce cualcahuac tlamantli in aquin ce weighted net ye dragged cualcahuac seafloor — quixilia benthic habitat in aquin cualcahuac xihuitl quichihuaz. In physical destruction ihuan ocean floor ecosystems ye cualcahuac ahmo reported environmental impacts ipan food production.

In cualcahuac tlamantli in aquin quichihuaz in in-contribution ipan ocean harm ye in sami ihuan land animals: cuah oc miyac plants, cuah nochi cualcahuac michin. In aquin quichihuah seafood, smaller oily fish nochi qualcahuac ipan food chain (sardines, mackerel, anchovy) quipiya cualcahuac cualcahuac ecosystem costs in aquin large predators ihuan tuna o salmon. Shellfish ihuan certified sustainable operations ye cualcahuac ahmo environmentally costly animal foods hueliz.

Inōccampa caxitl

Cē cē tlacualli quipia centetl tlahtolli. Miyac aīc moihtoa.

Chicuacē tlamelahuacah. Chicuacē yōliliztli. Tlapōhualli īhuān tlācatzitzin in īcuitlapan tlacualli ipan caxitl.

Tlālticpac yolcameh in mictīloh īpampa tlacualli cēcē xihuitl.
Andrew Skowron / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
01 — Melāhuacayōtl

83 mil milyones

Tlālticpac yolcameh in mictīloh īpampa tlacualli cēcē xihuitl.

Ihcuīliuhqui 2,630 yōliliztin tlamih ipan cēcē segundo. Ihcuāc ticpōhua inīn tlahtōlli, ce noch chicōnauh mil occē.

Yōliliztli
“Mochipa cempōhualli xihuitl ōnenca.”
— Henrietta · cuanaca ic nacatl, 42 tonalli
In yolcameh in tlapieleh īnchān mahueltic ricaltin moscaltiah.
Mercy For Animals / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
02 — Melāhuacayōtl

99%

In yolcameh in tlapieleh īnchān mahueltic ricaltin moscaltiah.

In ixiptlatl in pixqui ipan caxitl yē in tequiuh in moneneuhqui, amō yē in tlapieliztli. In melāhuac yē tepoztli, calli, īhuān tlatla tlauilli.

Yōliliztli
“Quimati ītōca. Aocmo quicaqui.”
— Esther · pitzōtl tlanemiltih #4471
In nelhuayotl in pilcuacuauh moyetzticah īhuān īnan.
Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)
03 — Melāhuacayōtl

1 tonalli

In nelhuayotl in pilcuacuauh moyetzticah īhuān īnan.

Inīc tic-i in īchichihualayo, in īconēuh ahmō hueliti. In tlalpilli motlapana ipan cequintin horameh. Ome chōcazqueh miec tonaltin.

Yōliliztli
“Quinōtztzi nōcueḻ in tepāncalli ixquichca ihuāc tlamīa in īcaquiztli.”
— Clarabelle · cuacuahueh chichihualeh, nāuhpa tlachichihualizti
Cuātlah michtin huaquilo in āpan ipan cēcē xihuitl.
Ifremer / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY)
04 — Melāhuacayōtl

2.7 mil milyones milyones

Cuātlah michtin huaquilo in āpan ipan cēcē xihuitl.

Tiquinpōhua ica tonelladas pampa in tlapōhualli huel huey aoc hueliti monelhuayotia. In ilhuicaātl mocahua tetzauhtl ipan totlapan yoliliz.

Yōliliztli
“Aocmo motēca tlacactica ic mictiā in ihiyotl.”
— Cē mocencauhquetlanemoa · Mictlampa Atlantico
Oquichpipiltin cuanacameh tlapanaloh in yolih cēcē xihuitl.
Andrew Skowron / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
05 — Melāhuacayōtl

6.5 mil milyones

Oquichpipiltin cuanacameh tlapanaloh in yolih cēcē xihuitl.

Aoquic huel quichihuah totoltetl. Amō no in īcuechtlān cualli īc nacatl. In tetlananquilliz, ipan īxquich tlātocayotl quemman moihtoa, zan cē: in tlapanaliztli ipan in achto tonalli.

Yōliliztli
“Motlapanā ipan in tlanahnauac ipan in achto tonalli.”
— Cuanacapil · achto tonalli
In tlazoltīliztli in Amazon yē īpampa cuacuah tlanemiliztli.
NASA MODIS / Wikimedia Commons (public domain)
06 — Melāhuacayōtl

80%

In tlazoltīliztli in Amazon yē īpampa cuacuah tlanemiliztli.

In ihiyo tlālticpactli mochipāhua īc hamburguesa. Centetl tlatlātlauilli quauhtla polihui in cēcē chicuacē segundo.

Yōliliztli
“In cān nemia jaguar, axcan icaca cē cuacuauh.”
— Tlachipāhualli tlālli · Mato Grosso, Brasil
Īnxxitl tlahtōlli

Inīn tlahtōlli ye omoihtoh achto.

“In oc cah mictilōyan, no cah yāōyōtl tlālpan.”
— Leo Tolstoy
“Intla mictilōyan quipiazquia tehuilōtl tepāntli, mochi tlācatl xōchqualōni cuachzquiā.”
— Paul McCartney
“In mahueltic yolcanemiliztli yē cē in occencayoltic tlatlacōlli ipan tlahtollotl.”
— Yuval Noah Harari
In tlapōhualli quipia in ānimah

Īcuitlapan in cē cē tlapōhualli icah cē ixtli quemmanian omocuep ic tonatiuh.

In tlapehpeneliz inic tihualquīzaz in īpan inīn cualli, hualyetoc ēyi yez ipan cē tonalli, ipan in cualli cualli cāhuitl: in tlacualōyan.

Tlayocoyalli icnotl in The Other Side of the Plate (onefork.org).

In industrias

Nāhui industrias. Cē tlamantli ic tlapixōlliztli.

In nacatl-industria

Icpac cē āhuiyac supermercado-mātōl monēci in ōcachi huey, in ōcachi caquiztica yolmeh-tlateyōtiliztli.

  • · Tlacatilia tlateyōtiliztli
  • · Tlacocōltiliztli cēmilhuitl
  • · Tlāltīcpactli-tequitl
  • · Tlein quichihua tlācah

In leche-industria

Leche cā māmā-leche. Quichihua industria-scale monequi reproducción forzada ihuan familia-xōchōtl.

  • · Cē nēmiliztli-tōcāyōtl tlacatiliztli
  • · Nēmiliztli ōcachi chicahuac poztēctoc
  • · Tlāltīcpactli-tequitl
  • · Cualtilistli-neltiliztli

In huevo-industria

Nohhuian 'libre' ahnozo 'sin-jaula' huevo ehua cē sistema nochipa momictiani.

  • · Totōllin-oquichtin tlapolōliztli
  • · Cāxoloh ahnozo mochintlah
  • · Tlamih ōmē-xihuitl

In michin-industria

In caquitztli-ahmo yolmeh in tlacualli-sistema — ihuan in ōcachi huey yolmeh-miquiztli tlāltīcpac.

  • · Ahmo-ley tlapalēhuiliztli
  • · Hueyātl tlapolōliztli
  • · Acuacultura amo tlapalēhuiliztli
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