Abin da muke adawa da shi

A cikin masana'antar dabbobi.

Yawancin mutane ba su taba taka kafa a gonar dabbobi ta zamani ba. Wannan shafin rangadi ne na harshe mai sauki na madara, kwai, alade, kajin gona, kifi, naman maraƙi, da kayan da aka samo daga dabbobi. Babu dabaru na tsoratarwa — kawai ayyukan da aka rubuta, damuwar walwala, da ma'aunin su.

A lambobi

80B+
Dabbobin ƙasa da ake kashewa kowace shekara don abinci
FAOSTAT
1.1–2.2T
Kifin daji da ake kama kowace shekara (kiyasin matsakaicin 2000–2019)
Fishcount.org.uk
99%
Kiyasin rabon dabbobin gonar Amurka a gonakin masana'antu
Sentience Institute, 2019
79B
Kaji da ake yanka a duniya baki ɗaya kowace shekara
FAOSTAT 2024
Shanu na madara
Madara

Shanu na madara

~Shanu miliyan 270 na madara a duniya
01

Ana kiwon shanu na madara akai-akai don kula da samar da madara. A yawancin gonakin kasuwanci, ana raba maruƙa a cikin awanni ko kwanaki. Ana iya kiwon maruƙan maza don naman sa ko naman maraƙi, ko a kashe su tun suna ƙanana. Ana yanka shanun madara sau da yawa a shekaru 4–6, kodayake shanu na iya rayuwa kusan shekaru 20.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Yawan yin kiwo, wanda galibi ake yi ta hanyar amfani da dabarar artificial insemination
  • ·Raba maraƙi da uwa sau da yawa a cikin sa'o'i 24 a gonakin kiwon shanu na kasuwanci
  • ·Cire ƙaho da rage girman ƙaho; bayar da maganin ciwo ya bambanta gwargwadon ƙasa da gona
  • ·Yanka a shekaru 4–6 (tsawon rai na zahiri: ~20)

Majiyoyi

Kaji masu ƙwai
Qwai

Kaji masu ƙwai

~Kaji biliyan 7.5 masu ƙwai a duniya
02

Kaji masu kwai na zamani an zaɓe su ne ta hanyar kiwo don su samar da ƙwai ~300 a kowace shekara. Yawancinsu suna rayuwa ne a cikin keji ko rumbuna masu cunkoso; yawan sararin da aka ba su ya bambanta gwargwadon tsarin kiwo da ƙasa. Ana yawan kashe zakarun ƴan kaji bayan an ƙyanƙyashe su, ta hanyar niƙa ko amfani da iskar gas, kodayake wasu ƙasashe suna taƙaita wannan kisan kuma suna amfani da wasu hanyoyin.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Kashe ƴan zakaru na kwana ɗaya, tare da haramci da wasu hanyoyin a wasu ƙasashe
  • ·Yanke baki da wuƙa mai zafi ko infrared
  • ·Kejunan batir ko 'ingantattu' har yanzu halal ne a yawancin ƙasashen duniya
  • ·Yanka galibi yana faruwa a kusan mako 72 ko bayan haka, gwargwadon yanayin zagayen samarwa

Majiyoyi

Aladu
Aladu

Aladu

~Aladu biliyan 1.5 da ake yanka kowace shekara
03

Aladu suna koyon ayyuka masu sarƙaƙiya kuma suna kulla alaƙar zamantakewa. A tsarin kiwo na ƙarfi, galibi ana ajiye su a cikin gida kan siminti ko fale-falen bene. Wasu tsare-tsaren suna kulle kishiyoyin alade a cikin keji waɗanda ke hana su juyawa. Ƴan alade na iya fuskantar cire ɓarawo, yanke wutsiya da rage haƙori; ƙa'idodi da maganin ciwo sun bambanta gwargwadon ƙasa.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Kejin ciki da na haihuwa, waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin kowace ƙasa
  • ·Yanke wutsiya, rage haƙori da cire ɓarawo; ƙa'idodin maganin ciwo sun bambanta
  • ·Kashewa da iskar CO₂ — an rubuta yana haifar da matsanancin damuwa
  • ·Yanka a watanni ~6 (tsawon rai na zahiri: shekaru 10–15)

Majiyoyi

Kaji na nama (Broiler)
Kaji (nama)

Kaji na nama (Broiler)

~Biliyan 79 da ake yanka kowace shekara
04

Kajin nama masu saurin girma suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin gurguntar ƙafa, matsalolin zuciya da cututtukan fata. Yawancinsu suna kai nauyin yanka a cikin kwanaki 35–42, kodayake shekarun sun bambanta gwargwadon nau'in kaji da kasuwa. Garken kajin da ake kiwo a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙarfi galibi suna rayuwa ne a kan kwalta ko ciyawa a cikin rumbuna masu cunkoso, inda gidaje da saurin girma ke shafar walwalarsu.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Zaɓin kiwo don saurin girma, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin walwala
  • ·Yawan kaji a kowace m² a EU na iya kaiwa 42 kg/m² ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa
  • ·Yankan shackle na rayuwa har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a duniya
  • ·Yanka a kwanaki 35–42 (tsawon rai na zahiri: shekaru 6+)

Majiyoyi

Kifi, jatan lande & kifin harsashi
Kifi & na ruwa

Kifi, jatan lande & kifin harsashi

Kifi daji 1.1–2.2 triliyan ake kamawa kowace shekara (matsakaicin shekarar 2000–2019)
05

Ana kama kifi da kiwon kifi da yawa, galibi tare da ƙarancin kariya ta walwala. Yawancinsu suna mutuwa ba tare da an suma ba, ta hanyar shaka ko wasu hanyoyin sannu-sannu. Kiwon kifi a cikin ruwa na iya haifar da cututtuka da gurɓata; ƙuma da kubcewa sune manyan abubuwan damuwa ga kiwon kifi na salmon a cikin raga da aka sanya a teku.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Ana amfani da hanyoyin shaka, kankara da yankan ciki a raye; hanyoyin sun bambanta
  • ·Jawo ƙasa yana lalata wuraren zama na ƙasan teku
  • ·Kama kifin da ba a so yana cutar da nau'in halittun da ba a nufa ba; yawan ya dogara ne ga ma'anonin da aka yi amfani da su
  • ·Ciyarwar noma har yanzu tana dogara da kifin da aka kama daga daji

Majiyoyi

Ƙananan maraƙi
Nama

Ƙananan maraƙi

Samar da naman maraƙi (veal) yana amfani da ƙananan maraƙi, galibi daga gonakin kiwon shanu
06

Yawancin maraƙin da ake samarwa don nama sune maza daga gonakin kiwon shanu, waɗanda aka raba da uwayensu jim kaɗan bayan an haife su. Gidaje da ciyarwa sun bambanta: ƙa'idodin EU galibi suna buƙatar ajiye su a rukuni bayan mako 8 da ƙarancin ba da ƙarfe da fiber. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin ƙarfe don naman maraƙi mai launi mai haske har yanzu na iya haifar da haɗarin walwala. Shekarun yanka sun bambanta gwargwadon tsarin samarwa.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Raba maraƙi da uwa da wuri a yawancin gonakin kiwon shanu
  • ·Ana iya amfani da keji na mutum ɗaya da wuri; ƙa'idodin EU galibi suna buƙatar ajiye su a rukuni bayan mako 8
  • ·Abincin ruwa mai ƙarancin ƙarfe don kiyaye naman mai laushi (nama mai laushi)
  • ·Shekarun yanka sun bambanta bisa ga tsarin naman maraƙi (tsawon rayuwa: ~20 years)

Majiyoyi

Fata & leda

Fata, leda & ulu

Miliyoyin dabbobi ake noma da kuma kasha don fata
07

Noman fata yana kiyaye mink, foxes da raccoon dogs a cikin keji kafin a yanka su. Fata gabaɗaya samfurin haɗin gwiwa ne na samar da nama, tare da ƙimar fata da ke bambanta bisa ga kasuwa. Ragon ulu na iya fuskantar hanyoyin da ke haifar da zafi; ana amfani da mulesing a kan wasu tumakin Australia, ba a saba yin hakan a duk ƙasashen da ke samar da ulu ba. Haka kuma ana yanka tumaki don nama.

Ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun

  • ·Fata: ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon rayuwa, jona lantarki ta dubura/baki, ɗakunan gas
  • ·Fata: ɓangaren ɓata fata mai tushe daga chromium na iya haifar da sharar gida mai haɗari da kuma fallasa ga chromium-VI
  • ·Ulu: yanke wutsiya da yanka; mulesing a wasu gonakin Australia
  • ·Fuka-fukai: har yanzu ana rubuce-rubuce game da cire fuka-fukai daga rayayyun dabbobi a manyan masu kaya

Majiyoyi

Waɗannan masana'antu suna ci gaba ne kawai saboda muna biyan su.

Kowane abinci kuri'a ce. Albishir: kuɗi ɗaya, cokali ɗaya, faranti ɗaya zai iya samar da wani tsarin abinci daban.

Fara canjin kwana 7Yi lissafin tasirin ku

Muhimman Abubuwan Lura

  • Madara, ƙwai, kiwon kifi, ulu, da fata duk samfurori ne na tsarin kisan guda ɗaya.
  • Haɗin gwiwa na tsaye yana ɓoye yawancin masu amfani da gaskiyar samarwa.
  • Tsarin ingantaccen 'walwala' yawanci yana inganta ma'auni ɗaya yayin da yake barin manyan ayyuka a wuri.
  • Akwai hanyoyin abinci na shuka da sauran abubuwan da ba na dabba ba a masana'antu da dama, tare da farashi da inganci da suka bambanta gwargwadon kowane samfur.

Raba wannan shafi

Raba a XRaba a FacebookRaba a WhatsApp

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Raunin gyaran gashi, datsa (a Ostiraliya), da kisa a wani yanki na rayuwar halitta lokacin da yawan amfanin ya ragu sune daidaitattun ayyuka. Ulu samfur ne na bututun nama guda ɗaya.

Ci gaba da Karatu

Dabbobi
Girman noman masana'antu.
Musanya
Sauye-sauye na samfurin-da-samfurin.
Kundin adireshin
Brands, dillalai, da inda za a same su.
Vegan amma ba na hagu ba

Haƙƙin dabbobi ba na jam’iyya ɗaya ba

Dalilin da ya sa haƙƙin dabbobi ba na jam’iyya ɗaya ba — da kuma abin da kama siyasa ya jawo wa motsi.

Ci gaba →

A cikin tsarin guda huɗu

Ayyukan da aka saba, ba keɓantacce ba

Muhawarar jama'a game da noma takan mayar da hankali kan cin zarafi. Babban abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne cewa ayyukan da suka fi damun mutane galibi suna halatta, ana duba su, na yau da kullun kuma suna da mahimmanci a tattalin arziki a cikin tsarin da ke samar da kusan dukkanin kayayyakin dabbobi.

Nama: yawan fitarwa yana ƙayyade komai

Kaji na broiler yanzu suna kaiwa nauyin yanka a kusan kwanaki 35 zuwa 42, idan aka kwatanta da kimanin kwanaki 84 a shekarun 1950 — yawan girma wanda ke haifar da cututtukan kashi da na zuciya a matsayin sakamako mai iya tsinkaya maimakon haɗari. Ana yawan ajiye aladu a cikin kejin haihuwa waɗanda ke hana juyawa, kuma yanke wutsiya, yanke haƙora da kuma yankan jima'i ana yin su ne ba tare da maganin jin zafi ba. Yawan tara dabbobi, saurin layi da ingancin kashewa duk abubuwa ne da aka tsara, wanda ke nufin sakamakon zaɓi ne da aka yi a matakin ƙa'idodi maimakon ta hanyar ma'aikata ɗaya-ɗaya.

Kiwo: shayarwa tana buƙatar ciki

Saniya mai bayar da madara tana ba da madara bayan ta haihu. Ana yawan raba maruƙa da wuri; ana iya kiwon maruƙa maza don naman sa ko kuma a kashe su tun suna kanana, ya danganta da tsarin. Haihuwa akai-akai yana kiyaye samar da madara. Yawan madara na iya haifar da mastitis da nakasar kafa. Saniya na iya rayuwa kusan shekaru ashirin amma sau da yawa ana yanka su da wuri.

Kwai: matsalar kajin maza

Kajin kwai da kajin nama nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta ne daban-daban, don haka kajin maza na nau'in kwai ba su da darajar kasuwanci kuma ana kashe su a rana ta farko, a tarihi ta hanyar niƙa ko iskar gas — biliyoyin da yawa a kowace shekara a duniya. Fasahar gano jima'i a cikin kwai yanzu tana guje wa wannan a cikin ƙasashe masu yawa kuma ingantawa ce ta gaske, mai aunawa. Tsarin da ba keji ba yana rage tsarewa yayin da yake gabatar da nasa musayar jin daɗi a ingancin iska da mace-mace.

Kamun kifi da kiwo: mafi yawan lambobi

Tsakanin tiriliyan ɗaya zuwa uku na dabbobin ruwa ana kashe su don abinci kowace shekara — mafi girman rashin tabbas a cikin tsarin abinci gaba ɗaya, saboda ana auna kifi da tan maimakon daidaikun mutane. Kamun taru yana lalata mazaunin teku, yawan kifin da ake jefarwa yana da yawa, kuma kusan kashi 35% na kifin da aka tantance ana kamun su ne fiye da iyawar halitta. Kiwo, wanda galibi ana gabatar da shi a matsayin mafita, yakan dogara da kifin da aka kama a daji don abinci, tare da asarar furotin ga nau'ikan masu cin nama.

Dalilin da yasa gyara a cikin tsarin yake da wahala

Ribar da ake samu a cikin noman dabbobi na kayayyaki ba ta da yawa kuma masu sarrafawa da dillalai ne ke tsara ta. Manoma ɗaya-ɗaya ba safai suke sarrafa yawan tara dabbobi, kwayoyin halittar nau'in ko shekarun yanka; waɗannan suna ƙarƙashin kwangiloli da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan saye. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa kamfen na jin daɗi yana ƙara kaiwa ga dillalai da masu sarrafawa maimakon gonaki — a can ne ake rubuta ƙayyadaddun abubuwa.

Masana'antu huɗu a lambobi

Alkaluman duniya, shekarun da suka gabata mafi kwanan nan; ayyuka na ƙasa sun bambanta.

Masana'antaDabbobi a kowace shekaraTsawon rayuwa na yau da kullun vs na halittaAyyuka masu ma'ana
Kaji broiler~biliyan 75Makonni 6 vs shekaru 6-8Zaɓaɓɓe don girma na kwanaki 40
Kwai~biliyan 7.5 na kajiWatanni 18 vs shekaru 6-8Ana kashe kajin maza a rana ta farko
Alade~biliyan 1.5Watanni 6 vs shekaru 15-20Kejin haihuwa, yaye da wuri
Kiwo~milayan 270 na shanuShekaru 4-6 vs ~shekaru 20Haihuwa kowace shekara, rabuwa da maruƙi
Naman sa~milayan 300Watanni 18-24 vs ~shekaru 20Kammalawa a wuraren ciyarwa
Kamun dajiTiriliyan 0.8-2.3 na kifib/sKamun taru, kifin da ake jefarwa, shaƙewa
Kiwo~biliyan 50-170 na kifiYa bambantaAbincin daji, cututtuka na yawa

FAOSTAT · FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture · fishcount.org.uk

Tabbatar da wannan da kanka

Kowane magana a sama ana iya duba ta a cikin takardun jama'a. Wannan shine ma'anar.

  1. 1

    Karanta littafin jagorar aikin nau'in

    Kamfanonin kwayoyin halittar kaji broiler suna buga maƙasudin girma a fili. Su ne mafi kyawun kwatancin yadda tsarin yake aiki.

  2. 2

    Duba lambar jin daɗin ƙasarka

    Mafi ƙarancin sarari na doka, izinin yanke jiki da dokokin yanka takardu ne na doka da aka buga a yawancin ƙasashe.

  3. 3

    Duba bayanan samarwa na FAOSTAT

    Bayanan adadi da nauyi kyauta ne, ana iya saukar su kuma suna da wuyar juyawa.

  4. 4

    Karanta littafin kasuwanci na masana'antu

    Littattafan kasuwanci suna bayyana ayyuka a sarari ga masu sana'a, ba tare da tsarin da ake amfani da shi ga masu amfani ba.

  5. 5

    Kwatanta hoton talla da adadin yawan tara dabbobi

    Bambancin da ke tsakanin su biyu shine mafi bayyanar abu a cikin dukkan sashen.

Maganganun da suke riƙe da waɗanda ba su riƙe ba

An goyi bayan sosai

  • Kashi 99% na dabbobin da ake kiwon a Amurka kuma kusan kashi 90% a duniya suna rayuwa a cikin tsarin da yake da ƙarfi.
  • Ana kashe kajin maza lokacin kyankyashewa a duk inda ba a yi amfani da fasahar gano jima'i a cikin kwai ba.
  • Samar da madara yana buƙatar ciki kowace shekara da kuma cire maruƙi.
  • Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kifin da aka tantance ana kamun su ne fiye da iyawar halitta.

An wuce gona da iri ko kuskure

  • Maganganun cewa duk ma'aikatan gona suna da zalunci — sakamakon tsari ne kuma an tsara shi a sama.
  • Maganganun cewa noman dabbobi ya fi rabin hayakin duniya; alkaluman da aka yarda da su sun kai kusan kashi 12-20%.
  • Hotunan sirri da ba a kwananta ba da aka gabatar a matsayin aiki na yanzu a wani kamfani mai suna.
  • Maganganun cewa babu wani ingantaccen jin daɗi da ya taɓa faruwa; haramcin keji da fasahar gano jima'i a cikin kwai sune ingantattun abubuwa na gaske.

Tambayoyi game da masana'antu

Shin wannan ya shafi gonakin masana'antu ne kawai?

Noman masana'antu ya yaɗu: kiyasin ya nuna kusan 99% na dabbobin gona na Amurka da kusan 74% na dabbobin gona na duniya. Kiyasin duniya bai tabbataba, kuma ma'anoni sun bambanta. Noma mai dogaro da makiyaya shima yana nan.

Shin alamun 'free-range' da 'organic' suna magance wannan?

Suna inganta wasu yanayi na musamman kuma suna da kyau a wasu ma'auni. Ba sa canza rabuwa da maruƙi, kashe kajin maza, shekarun yanka ko tattalin arzikin da ke ƙasa.

Wane kaso na hayaki ne dabbobi ke haifarwa?

Alkaluman da aka yarda da su sun kai kusan kashi 12-20% na hayakin greenhouse na duniya dangane da hanyar lissafi, tare da rawar da ke da rinjaye a sare dazuzzuka, amfani da ƙasa da gurɓatar ruwa mai daɗi.

Yaya amincin lambobin kifi suke?

Ba a iya tantance su da kyau da gangan — ana yin rikodin kama kifi da tan, don haka ana ƙididdige adadin daidaikun mutane daga matsakaicin nauyin jiki. Bambancin tiriliyan ɗaya zuwa uku yana nuna rashin tabbas na aunawa na gaske.

Shin manoma ne ke da laifi?

Manoma suna aiki a cikin kwangiloli, ƙayyadaddun nau'in da tsarin farashi waɗanda galibi ba su tsara su ba. Don haka gyara mai ma'ana yana kaiwa ga dillalai, masu sarrafawa, tallafi da dokokin saye.

Shin wani abu ya inganta a zahiri?

Ee. Ƙuntatawa na kejin kwai da kejin aladu na EU, fasahar gano jima'i a cikin kwai don kawo ƙarshen kashe kajin maza a ƙasashe da yawa, da ingantattun buƙatun kashewa sune ingantattun abubuwa da aka rubuta — ƙanana, na gaske, kuma ba su kai ga magance ayyukan asali ba.

Tushe

  • FAOSTAT — Production: Livestock Primary.
  • FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture.
  • Sanders, B. Global animal slaughter statistics and charts — Faunalytics.
  • Poore & Nemecek (2018). Science.