Musanyawar cin ganyayyaki don Kwai a baking
Kwai na ɗaure, su kumbura, su wadatar da kuma ƙara danshi. Zaɓi madadin da ya dace da aikin da ƙwan ke yi a wancan takamaiman girkin maimakon canji ɗaya na duniya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 5 · Ƙwai na Flax da ƙari
Musanyawar kicin da tufafi 30 tare da adadin da ke aiki da gaske, menene kowane ɗayan ya fi dacewa da shi, da kuma inda ya gaza.
Kwai na ɗaure, su kumbura, su wadatar da kuma ƙara danshi. Zaɓi madadin da ya dace da aikin da ƙwan ke yi a wancan takamaiman girkin maimakon canji ɗaya na duniya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 5 · Ƙwai na Flax da ƙari
Man shanu yana ba da mai, ruwa da kayan madara. Abubuwan toshewar tsirrai masu ƙarfi suna aiki don irin kek, mai yana aiki don soyawa, kuma man goro yana aiki inda wadata ke da mahimmanci fiye da tsari.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Man shanu na vegan da ƙari
Madarar tsirrai sun bambanta galibi a cikin furotin, mai da kuma yadda suke aiki da zafi da acid. Soya ce mafi kusa da abinci mai gina jiki; oat ce mafi kyawun duka don kofi da baking.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Madarar Soya da ƙari
Kirim yana ba da mai da kwanciyar hankali. Kirjin kwakwa da kirjin cashew suna ba da wadata, yayin da kirim ɗin tsirrai mai sanyi da za a iya daka yana kula da piping da kayan zaki.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Cikakken kitse na kwakwa da ƙari
Babu wata madadin da za ta maye gurbin cuku gaba ɗaya. Daidaita aikin: yisti mai gina jiki don dandano mai daɗi, kayan cashew da aka shafa don shafawa, tubalan da aka yi da sitaci don narke.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Cukun Kaskew da ƙari
Gelatin yana sa ruwa ya yi tsami. Gel na shuka yana yin tsami da ƙarfi kuma a yanayin zafi daban-daban, don haka duka yawa da fasaha suna canzawa.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Agar agar da ƙari
Miye kifi yana kawo gishiri, umami da wari. Ciyawar teku da waken soya da aka haɗe suna samar da duka ukun ba tare da anchovies ba.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Miye soya na Kombu da ƙari
A cikin bolognese, tacos da chilli, naman yana da muhimmanci ga nau'in abincin. Lentils, goro, naman soya da namomin kaza suna rufe wani ɓangare na aikin kowane — haɗin gwiwa yana rufe duka.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Lentils masu launin ruwan kasa ko kore da ƙari
Kaza na samar da furotin mai sauƙi da kuma cizon fiber. Seitan, namomin kaza na sarki oyster, tofu da soy curls kowanne na bayar da hakan a cikin abinci daban-daban.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Seitan da ƙari
A dace da zuma ta hanyar kauri da ɗanɗano, ba kawai zaƙi ba. Dabino da maple syrup na rufe mafi yawan amfani; agave ya dace da abubuwan sha.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Ruwan syrup na maple da ƙari
Mayonnaise shine emulsion mai-a-ruwa wanda lecithin na kwai ke riƙewa tare. Aquafaba da madara mai soya suna emulsify daidai da kyau.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Man-ja na Aquafaba da ƙari
Buttermilk madara ce mai acidified wacce ke tausasa gurasar kuma tana yin tasiri da baking soda. Madara ta shuka da acid suna yin daidai daidai.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Madara mai soya + lemo da ƙari
Kyakyawan ruwan miya mai amfani da kayan marmari yana buƙatar abubuwa uku da ruwan naman kaza yake da su: gishiri, glutamate da kuma daidaito. Namomin kaza, kombu da miso suna samar da dukkan waɗannan ukun.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Namomin kaza + ruwan kombu da ƙari
Fata samfuri ne na kisan dabbobi tare da babban tasiri na shafa maganin sinadarai. Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka na zamani sun haɗa da kayan haɗin ganyayyaki zuwa waɗanda aka sake sarrafa su na roba.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Fatar Ipil da ƙari
Ɗumi na ulu yana fitowa daga ɗigon zare mai kama da iska. Wasu zarurruka na ganyayyaki da waɗanda aka sake sarrafawa suna yin hakan ba tare da aske, mulesing ko kisa ba.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Fula ta auduga ta halitta da ƙari
Ana cire gashin tsuntsu daga agwagi da geese, wani lokaci da rai. Kayan rufi na roba yanzu suna dacewa da ɗuminsa da nauyinsa kuma suna doke shi lokacin da aka jika.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · PrimaLoft / cikawa ta roba da ƙari
Yogurts na tushen shuka suna amfani da irin al'adun rayuwa akan soya, kwakwa, hatsi ko gyada. Soya da kwakwa suna bada kauri mafi kyau.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Yogurt din Soya da ƙari
Bacon hayaƙi ne, gishiri, mai da karkashi. Takardar shinkafa, tempeh, namomin kaza da kwakwa kowannensu yana bayyana wani bangare daban na wannan fasali.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Bacon takardar shinkafa da ƙari
Chickpeas, jackfruit da tofu da aka marinate suna bada flakes; nori da kelp suna bada dandano na teku. Tare suna yin abincin cika sanwich mai gamsarwa.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Chickpeas da aka daka + nori da ƙari
Nonon da aka narkar mai zaki shine madara da aka rage da sukari. Nau'ikan kwakwa da hatsi suna raguwa da hanya iri ɗaya kuma suna sanya fudge da tarts iri ɗaya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Nonon kwakwa da aka narkar da ƙari
Ghee wani man shanu ne da aka tace, wanda aka fi sani da yadda yake da matuƙar jure zafi da kuma ɗanɗanon goro. Man ghee na shuka da wasu mai na musamman suna kwaikwayon su duka.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Ghee na Vegan da ƙari
Mai da sukari suna sarrafa daidaiton ice cream. Tushen kwakwa, goro da hatsi duka suna juyawa da kyau tare da daidaitaccen sukari.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Tushen madarar kwakwa da ƙari
Foda na furotin na shuka suna dacewa da whey don haɗin furotin na tsoka lokacin da adadin da bayanan amino acid suka dace. Haɗe-haɗe sun fi tushe guda ɗaya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Haɗin Pea + shinkafa da ƙari
Beef stock yana game da zurfin gasasshen da jiki. Namomin kaza, tumatir, soya da roux mai duhu suna sake gina shi da gamsarwa.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Daskararrun porcini stock da ƙari
Cuku na Parmesan yana da gishiri, umami da kuma rubutun bushewa. Abubuwa uku da ake samu a gida zasu kai ka kashi 90% na abin da ake so cikin minti daya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Cuku na Cashew da ƙari
Miyar namomin kaza ta "oyster" tana da canji kai tsaye kuma ana sayar da ita a yawancin shagunan kayan abinci na Asiya da manyan kantuna.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Miyar namomin kaza don soya da ƙari
Aquafaba yana kumfa kamar farin kwai, kuma yana zama meringue mai taushi, pavlova da macarons.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Aquafaba da ƙari
Konjac shrimp da marinated king oyster mushrooms suna ba da ɗanɗano mai daɗi; nori da old bay suna ba da dandano.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Jatan lande na Konjac da ƙari
Alayyadi yana baiwa gurasa ɗan gajeren girma da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Man shafawa na shuka mai ƙarfi yana yin aikin tsarin; ɗan ƙaramin kayan yaji mai hayaƙi yana rufe ɗanɗano.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 3 · Man shafawa na kayan lambu da ƙari
Siliki na al'ada yana tafasa tsutsotsin siliki a cikin cocoon ɗinsu. Yanzu zarurruka na shuka da waɗanda aka sake haifarwa suna dacewa da zane da sheki.
Zaɓuɓɓuka 4 · Cupro da ƙari
Ya dogara da aikin: flaxseed na ƙasa tare da ruwa (1 tbsp flax + 3 tbsp ruwa a kowace kwai) yana ɗaure, aquafaba (3 tbsp a kowace kwai) yana bulala da haskaka, kuma ayaba da aka murƙushe ko miya na apple (¼ kofi a kowace kwai) yana ƙara danshi ga kayan gasa masu zaki. Kowace shafi na madadin ya lissafa adadin da mafi kyawun amfani.
Musanyawar abinci gabaɗaya — wake, lentil, tofu, flax, hatsi, yisti mai gina jiki — yawanci suna da arha a kowace hidima fiye da nama, cuku da ƙwai. Analogues masu alama suna da tsada, don haka a yi amfani da su azaman sauƙi na lokaci-lokaci maimakon abincin yau da kullun.
Madara na shuka ba ta gishiri da kyau a cikin kofi mai zafi, man kwakwa yana daskarewa fiye da man shanu, kuma aquafaba yana buƙatar kwano marar kitse don bulala. Bangarorin nasihu da 'gujewa' a kowace shafi suna rufe yanayin gazawa.
Musanya injiniyanci
Musanya ba abu ne na ɗabi'a ba, abu ne na aiki. Da zarar ka san abin da wani sinadari na dabba yake yi a girke-girke — ɗaurewa, emulsifying, yin ruwan kasa, saiti, ɗaukar ɗanɗano mai mai — zaɓin musanya ya daina zama zato.
Kwai a cikin waina suna yin ayyuka uku daban-daban: ɗagawa, ɗaurewa da ƙara danshi. Kwai a cikin mayonnaise suna emulsifying. Kwai a cikin quiche suna saita custard. Babu wani musanya guda da zai iya ɗaukar duka ukun, shi ya sa 'kwan vegan' ke baƙanta wa mutanen da suka saya don aikin da bai dace ba. Aquafaba yana ɗagawa, flax da chia suna ɗaurewa, silken tofu yana saitawa, kuma samfuran mung-bean na kasuwanci suna yin ruwan kasa da scramble. Daidaita hanyar aiki da raguwar gazawa tana raguwa sosai.
Halin madara a girki yana zuwa daga casein, whey da butterfat. Madarar waken soya ita ce mafi kusancin furotin analogue kuma ita ce kawai madarar shuka gama gari da ke curdling daidai don aikace-aikacen paneer; madarar oat tana ɗaukar mafi yawan jiki a kofi saboda sitaci da aka narkar da shi; madarar almond da shinkafa sirara ne kuma suna rabuwa cikin sauƙi a cikin miya mai acidic ko zafi. Ga cuku, abu mai wuya ba ɗanɗano ba ne amma hanyar sadarwar casein da ke samar da shimfiɗa — wanda shine dalilin da ya sa cashew da aka yi da al'ada da samfuran fermented suke da ɗanɗano mai kyau amma suna nuna hali daban-daban akan pizza fiye da haɗe-haɗen narkewa na sitaci.
Dandanon da mutane ke dangantawa da nama yana zuwa daga halayen Maillard, free glutamates da kitse da aka narkar da shi, babu ɗayansu da ke keɓance ga dabbobi. Seitan yana ba da tauna, tempeh yana ba da cizo da rikitarwa na ferment, jackfruit yana ba da shred, namomin kaza suna ba da glutamate da danshi, da legumes suna ba da crumb. Gishiri, sear, kuma ba da kwanon rufi isasshen zafi da sarari; kwanon rufi mai cunkoso, mai sanyi yana tururi kuma yana samar da sakamako mara haske, lebur wanda ake zargin sinadari.
Gelatine a cikin sweets da wasu yoghurts, isinglass a cikin wasu giyar cask da ruwan inabi, shellac (E904) a matsayin glaze, carmine (E120) a matsayin launin ja, L-cysteine (E920) a cikin wasu abubuwan inganta burodi, whey a cikin crisps da cakulan, da casein a cikin samfura da yawa da ake tallatawa a matsayin marasa kiwo. Karanta jerin E-number sau ɗaya shine ceton lokaci na dindindin, kuma yawancin tsarin lakabi yanzu suna nuna madara da kwai a matsayin allergens a cikin rubutu mai ƙarfi.
Matsakaici sune mafarin farawa; daidaita hydration ta girke-girke.
| Asali | Aiki | Mafi kyawun musanya | Matsakaici / bayanin kula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwai (ɗaurewa) | Yana riƙe crumb tare | Flax ko chia na ƙasa + ruwa | 1 tbsp + 3 tbsp ruwa kowace kwai |
| Kwai (ɗagawa) | ɗagawa a cikin waina | Aquafaba, ko baking powder + acid | 3 tbsp aquafaba kowace kwai |
| Kwai (saitawa) | Custard, quiche | Silken tofu + sitaci, garin chickpea | 60 g tofu kowace kwai |
| Man shanu (girki) | Kitse, taushi | Tushen shuka ko man kwakwa mai tsabta | 1:1 da nauyi |
| Madara (miya) | Jiki, furotin | Madarar waken soya, mara zaƙi | 1:1 |
| Cream | Wadata | Oat cream, cashew cream | 1:1 |
| Buttermilk | Acidity + taushi | Madarar waken soya + ruwan lemun tsami | 240 ml + 1 tbsp, huta 10 min |
| Zuma | Sitawar zaƙi | Maple, agave, syrup ɗin dabino | 1:1, rage ruwa kaɗan |
| Gelatine | Saitawa | Agar-agar | Yi amfani da ~1/3 da nauyi, dole a tafasa |
| Ruwan kifi | Gishiri umami | Soy sauce + seaweed + lemun tsami | Kamar yadda ake so |
| Parmesan | Gishiri umami gamawa | Nutritional yeast + cashew + gishiri | Haɗa 3:1 |
| Nama da aka niƙa | Crumb, dandano | Lentils + goro, ko soy mince | 1:1 nauyin da aka dafa |
Adabin gwajin girki · ƙayyadaddun masana'anta · rubutun kimiyyar abinci
Yi aiki da abinci ɗaya a lokaci guda; abin da aka canza da aka fi so yana da daraja fiye da sabbin girke-girke goma.
ɗaure, saita, ɗagawa, wadata, yin ruwan kasa, gishiri. Jerin yawanci ya fi guntu fiye da yadda ake tsammani.
Canza masu canji uku a lokaci guda yana sa gazawa ba za a iya fassara ta ba.
Ƙara tushen glutamate — manna tumatur, miso, busasshen naman kaza, soy sauce — inda nama ya kasance yana ba da shi.
Yawancin ƙoƙarin farko ana yanke hukuncin cewa ba su da ɗanɗano yayin da suke da ƙarancin kitse da gishiri fiye da asali.
Ƙoƙari na biyu, tare da bayanan kula, shine wanda ke yanke shawarar ko abincin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin juyawa.
Madarar oat na barista ita ce mafi haƙuri saboda ƙarin acidity regulators da sitaci nata suna tsayayya da rabuwa. Waken soya shine mafi kusancin nutritional analogue ga madarar kiwo a cikin furotin.
Yawanci yawan binder ne. Flax da chia suna ɗaurewa amma ba sa ɗagawa; idan girke-girke ya dogara da kwai don iska, ƙara baking powder tare da acid, ko yi amfani da aquafaba da aka buga zuwa soft peaks.
Haɗe-haɗen sitaci da man kwakwa suna narkewa da kyau amma suna da ɗanɗano mara ƙarfi. Cukuwan goro da aka yi da al'ada suna da ɗanɗano mai kyau sosai kuma suna narkewa da kyau. Ga pizza, mutane da yawa suna haɗa tushen narkewa tare da cuku mai al'ada don ɗanɗano.
A'a, ta ma'anar daidaitaccen, tunda samfurin dabba ne da aka girbe daga ƙungiyoyin da ake kula da su. Maple, agave da syrup ɗin dabino suna maye gurbinsa kai tsaye a kusan dukkan aikace-aikace.
Ruwan danko daga chickpeas da aka dafa — saponins da furotin masu narkewa suna ba shi damar yin kumfa kamar farin kwai. Cokali uku suna kusantar kwai ɗaya.
Yawancin suna da yawan sodium kuma an sarrafa su, amma bita na kwatanta sun gano cewa gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin kitse mai cikakken jiki da ƙarin fiber fiye da samfuran da suke maye gurbinsu. Su ne gada mai ma'ana, ba tushen abinci ba.