Doka tana canzawa

Mai bin diddigin manufofi.

Dokar jin daɗin dabbobi ta ci gaba a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata fiye da yadda ta yi a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka wuce. Wannan jadawalin lokaci ne da aka tattara, mai majiya na manyan gyare-gyare — abin da ya wuce, abin da ke jiran aiki, da abin da har yanzu babu.

Matsayi
Maudu'i

Jadawalin Lokaci

  1. 1999EU

    An amince da kawar da kejin batir

    Umarnin Majalisar 1999/74/EC ya hana amfani da kejin batir na al'ada don kaji masu ƙwai (ya fara aiki a 2012).

    Majiya →
  2. 2004CaliforniaFoie gras

    An hana samarwa & siyar da Foie gras

    SB-1520 — an fara aiwatarwa daga 2012. Ya tsira daga ƙalubale da yawa na tarayya.

    Majiya →
  3. 2008California

    Shawara ta 2 ta wuce

    Ya hana ɗaure kaji masu ƙwai, aladu mata, da maruƙan da ba za su iya tashi, juyawa, ko miƙa gaɓoɓinsu ba.

    Majiya →
  4. 2013EU

    An hana akwatunan aladu (akwatunan ciki) bayan makonni 4

    Umarnin Majalisar 2008/120/EC — bangare ne kawai; ci gaba da dauri har yanzu halal ne a cikin makonni 4 na farko.

    Majiya →
  5. 2013EU

    An hana gwajin kayan kwalliya a kan dabbobi gaba ɗaya

    Dokar (EC) 1223/2009 — cikakken hana sayar da kayan kwalliyar da aka gwada a kan dabbobi a fadin kasuwa guda.

    Majiya →
  6. 2018California

    Shawara ta 12 ta wuce

    Ya hana siyar da naman alade, ƙwai da naman maraƙi daga tsarin da aka keje — Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta amince da shi a 2023.

    Majiya →
  7. 2019California

    An hana siyar da gashi a fadin jihar

    AB-44, dokar hana siyarwa da kera sabbin kayayyakin gashi ta farko a fadin jihar Amurka.

    Majiya →
  8. 2021Isra'ila

    An hana siyar da gashi

    Kasa ta farko a duniya da ta hana siyar da gashi don kayan ado.

    Majiya →
  9. 2021Shawarar 'yan ƙasa na EU

    Kawo karshen Zamanin Keji — Sa hannu miliyan 1.4

    Hukumar ta yi alƙawarin a 2021 don ba da shawarar kawar da keji nan da 2027; har yanzu an jinkirta shawarar doka.

    Majiya →
  10. 2022UK

    Dokar Hankalin Dabbobi

    Ya amince da dabbobi masu kashin baya, cephalopods da decapods a matsayin halittu masu hankali a dokar UK.

    Majiya →
  11. 2023Faransa

    An hana noman gashin mink

    Ya shiga Austria, Croatia, Czechia, Slovenia, UK, Netherlands da sauran su wajen kawo karshen noman gashi.

    Majiya →
  12. 2023Switzerland

    Hanyar doka don naman da aka noma ta buɗe

    Kasa ta farko a Turai da ta fara share hanya zuwa kasuwa don naman da aka noma.

    Majiya →
  13. 2024EU

    Shawarar sake duba safarar dabbobi da rai

    Shawarar Hukumar ta tsaurara iyakokin lokacin tafiya kuma ta hana fitar da maruƙan da ba a yaye ba; ana tattaunawa.

    Majiya →
  14. 2024Ecuador

    An tabbatar da hankalin dabbobi a cikin kundin tsarin mulki

    Kotun tsarin mulki ta yanke hukuncin cewa dabbobin daji suna da haƙƙoƙi a ƙarƙashin koyarwar haƙƙoƙin halitta.

    Majiya →
  15. 2025Duniya baki ɗaya

    Amincewar birane ga Yarjejeniyar Tsirrai

    Fiye da birane 30 ciki har da Edinburgh, Los Angeles da Buenos Aires sun amince da shawarar yarjejeniyar.

    Majiya →
  16. 2002Jamus

    An rubuta jindadin dabbobi a cikin tsarin mulkin ƙasa

    Ƙasa ta farko a EU da ta saka kariyar dabbobi a matsayin manufar ƙasa a cikin Babban Dokarta.

    Majiya →
  17. 2009EU

    Yarjejeniyar Lisbon ta amince da jin dadi a dabbobi

    Fasali na 13 TFEU ya wajabta wa EU da ƙasashe membobi su kula da jindadin dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu jin dadi.

    Majiya →
  18. 2018Luxembourg

    An kawo ƙarshen yanka na al'ada ba tare da kashe dabbobi da farko ba

    Ana buƙatar kashe dabbobi na ɗan lokaci kafin yanka; an daidaita shi da dokokin hana Flemish da Walloon na Belgium (wanda ECJ ta tabbatar a 2020).

    Majiya →
  19. 2019Birnin New YorkFoie gras

    Hana siyar da foie gras

    Majalisar birni ta haramta siyar da foie gras daga tsuntsaye da aka ciyar da tilas; jinkirin aiwatarwa saboda shari'ar masana'antun.

    Majiya →
  20. 2020Netherlands

    An rufe gidajen kiwon mink da wuri

    Barkewar COVID-19 ta hanzarta fitar da 2024 da aka tsara tun farko — an rufe dukkan gidajen kiwon mink na Netherlands nan da 2021.

    Majiya →
  21. 2021Spain

    An ƙalubalanci tallafi ga yaƙin bijimai

    Wasu yankuna (Catalonia, Balearic Islands) sun takaita yaƙin bijimai; hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Tsarin Mulki sun haifar da yanayi mai rikitarwa.

    Majiya →
  22. 2022Pakistan

    Hukuncin giwar Kaavan — haƙƙin ɗabi'a ga waɗanda ba mutane ba

    Babban Kotun Islamabad ta amince da haƙƙin tsarin mulki na dabbobi don rayuwa mai daraja a cikin shari'ar Kaavan mai muhimmanci.

    Majiya →
  23. 2023Koriya ta Kudu

    An hana cin naman kare

    Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta kada kuri'ar amincewa da haramta kiwo, yanka, da siyar da karnuka don amfani da mutane daga 2027.

    Majiya →
  24. 2024Birnin Mexico

    An hana yaƙin bijimai a babban birnin

    Majalisar Mexico City ta amince da haramta yaƙin bijimai gaba ɗaya a babbar filin yaƙin bijimai na duniya.

    Majiya →
  25. 2024Italiya

    An hana siyar da naman da aka kiwata

    Italiya ta zama ƙasa ta farko a EU da ta haramta samarwa da siyar da naman da aka kiwata a cikin sel — babban koma baya a ƙarƙashin tattaunawar da Hukumar.

    Majiya →
  26. 2025Norway

    An kawo ƙarshen kiwon fur gaba ɗaya

    Fitar da aka tsara a 2018 a Norway ya kai ƙarshe — an rufe dukkan gidajen kiwon mink da fox; an kammala ramuwa.

    Majiya →
  27. 2025UK

    Haramta shigo da foie gras da fur

    Dokar Jin Dadin Dabbobi (Shigo da Kaya) — an ci gaba da jinkirtawa; sabon ƙoƙarin jam'iyyu daban-daban yana nufin zaman 2025.

    Majiya →

Doka tana bin al'ada. Al'ada kuma tana farawa daga tebur.

Kowace dokar keji da ta wuce ba a iya tunaninta shekaru goma da suka gabata. Canjin yana farawa da abinci, tattaunawa, da ƙuri'un da ke zuwa.

Ɗauki mataki a wannan makonDuba jagorar

Muhimman Abubuwan Lura

  • Manufofi suna motsa rufin — tallafin kuɗi, dokokin saye da dokokin jin daɗi suna sa abin da kasuwa za ta iya bayarwa.
  • Abincin cibiyoyi (makarantu, asibitoci, gidajen yari, sojoji) shine mafi girman al'amari da yawancin 'yan ƙasa za su iya jawowa.
  • EU, UK, wasu jihohin Amurka da Indiya duk sun canza manufofi masu mahimmanci a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe — wannan ba ya tsaya cik.
  • Saye na kamfanoni (ƙwai marasa cage, lafiyar kaji na broiler) sun yi sauri fiye da doka kuma suna nuna abin da matsin lamba zai iya cimmawa.

Raba wannan shafi

Raba a XRaba a FacebookRaba a WhatsApp

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Sayar da kayayyaki na gari (menus na makaranta, ciyar da asibiti) da kuma takamaiman hani na jin daɗi (guraben gestation, kiwon fura, fitar da dabbobi masu rai). Jagororin abinci na ƙasa suna bi a hankali.

Ci gaba da Karatu

Kayan aiki
Scripts don rubuta wa wakilai da cibiyoyi.
Kundin adireshi
Ƙungiyoyin da ke tura waɗannan manufofin a yankinku.
Masana'antu
Daga ina kuɗi da fafutuka ke fitowa.
Vegan amma ba na hagu ba

Haƙƙin dabbobi ba na jam’iyya ɗaya ba

Dalilin da ya sa haƙƙin dabbobi ba na jam’iyya ɗaya ba — da kuma abin da kama siyasa ya jawo wa motsi.

Ci gaba →

Yadda dokokin ke rubuce a zahiri

Tallafi, lakabi da injiniyoyin da ke bayan farashin

Farashin abinci ba abubuwa ne na halitta ba. Sakamakon tsarin tallafi, biyan haraji, dokokin saye da dokokin lakabi ne. Fahimtar wannan injiniya yana bayyana dalilin da yasa zaɓin da ke da babban tasiri yakan zama mafi arha a wurin biyan kuɗi.

Inda tallafin noma ke zuwa

Ƙasashen OECD suna tura ɗaruruwan biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara ga masu noma. Bincike na FAO, UNDP da UNEP sun gano cewa mafi yawan wannan tallafi yana zuwa ga kayayyaki da tsarin da ke da babban tasiri ga muhalli, inda kayayyakin dabbobi da amfanin gonakin su ke samun rabo mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da gudummawar su ga abinci mai gina jiki. Manufar Noma ta EU ita kaɗai tana ɗaukar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kasafin kuɗin ƙungiyar, kuma kimantawa masu zaman kansu sun ƙiyasta cewa kusan kashi 80% na wannan tallafi yana tallafawa samar da dabbobi, galibi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin abinci da filayen ciyawa.

Farashin waje baya cikin farashin

Fitar da iskar gas, guduwar nitrogen da phosphorus, juriyar maganin rigakafi, haɗarin cututtukan dabbobi da asarar bambancin halittu farashi ne na gaske da jama'a ke ɗauka maimakon mai samarwa. Nazarin farashin gaskiya yakan ƙiyasta cewa farashin tallace-tallace na naman sa da kiwo zai tashi sosai - yawanci ana ambaton kashi goma zuwa ninki - idan an haɗa waɗannan. Babu wani abu a cikin wannan da ke buƙatar hana komai; tambaya ce ta wanda zai biya.

Dokokin lakabi suna tsara abin da mutane za su iya gani

Wasu yankuna sun hana kayayyakin tushen shuka amfani da kalmomi kamar 'burger', 'sausage' ko 'milk', bisa dalilan ruɗar mabukaci waɗanda binciken mabukaci ya kasa tabbatarwa akai-akai. Akasin haka, lakabin jin daɗin dabbobi sau da yawa na son rai ne kuma ba shi da daidaito, don haka kalmomi kamar 'free-range', 'farm fresh' da 'natural' suna ɗaukar nauyin doka daban-daban dangane da ƙasar - kuma wani lokacin ba komai.

Sayen jama'a shine mafi saurin hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita

Makarantu, asibitoci, gidajen yari, sojoji da wuraren cin abinci na ma'aikatan gwamnati suna siyan abinci mai yawa a ƙarƙashin dokokin da aka rubuta. Canza ma'aunin saye yana canza miliyoyin abinci ba tare da canza tunanin kowane mabukaci ba, kuma kwamitocin da suka fi sauƙi ga 'yan ƙasa na yau da kullun fiye da majalisun dokoki na ƙasa ne ke yanke shawara. Garuruwa da yawa na Turai sun ɗauki manufofin sayen tushen shuka tare da auna raguwar hayaki da babu raguwar gamsuwa da aka auna.

Dokokin jin daɗi suna tsara maimakon hana

Yawancin dokokin kare dabbobi suna sanya mafi ƙarancin sharuɗɗa a cikin tsarin da aka yarda da shi maimakon tambayar tsarin, kuma aikin noma na al'ada sau da yawa ana keɓe shi gaba ɗaya daga dokokin zalunci na gaba ɗaya. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ayyukan da za a gurfanar da su idan an yi wa kare ana halatta su idan an yi wa alade a babban yanki - tsarin doka da ya cancanci fahimta kafin ɗauka cewa halatta yana nufin yarda.

Kayan aikin manufofi da abin da shaida ke cewa

Girman tasiri ya bambanta da tsari da yanki; alkibla suna daidaita a cikin bincike.

Kayan aikiTsariShaidar tasiriWuyar siyasa
Ma'aunin sayeYana canza zaɓin asaliƘarfi; manyan canje-canje, babban karɓuwaƘananan-matsakaici
Sake rabon tallafiYana canza farashin dangiƘarfi amma a hankaliBabba
Farashin carbon ko nitrogenYana haɗa farashin wajeƘarfi a cikin ƙirarBabba
Rage VAT akan abinci na shukaSiginar farashi kai tsayeMatsakaiciMatsakaici
Lakabin jin daɗi na tilasRashin daidaiton bayanaiMatsakaiciMatsakaici
Ƙuntatawa na sunaYana iyakance sunan abinci na shukaMara kyau ga canjiAn riga an aiwatar da shi a wasu wurare
Kudaden bincike na madadin furotinYana rage farashin gabaMai ban sha'awa, dogon lokaciƘananan

FAO/UNDP/UNEP (2021) A Multi-Billion-Dollar Opportunity · OECD PSE database · peer-reviewed procurement trials

Shiga cikin manufofi ba tare da kasafin kuɗin sha'awa ba

Hanyoyin da za a iya samun su na gida ne, na tsari kuma ba su da kyau - wanda shine ainihin dalilin da yasa suke da nasara.

  1. 1

    Karanta manufar saye ta gida

    Yawancin gundumomi suna buga ka'idojin abinci da saye. Takardar yawanci gajere ce kuma ba safai wani a wajen sashen ya karanta ta.

  2. 2

    Gabatar da shawara

    Tattaunawar buɗe ido kan jagororin abinci, tsare-tsaren yanayi da dabarun abinci suna samun amsoshi kaɗan, don haka kowace muhimmiyar gabatarwa tana da nauyi.

  3. 3

    Nemi canji guda ɗaya mai aunawa

    Zaɓin tushen shuka a taron ciki, ko ƙarin rana ɗaya na menus na tushen shuka, ana iya ɗauka. Dabarar cikakkiya ba za a iya ɗauka ba.

  4. 4

    Kawo bayanan farashi

    Menus na tushen legumes yawanci suna da rahusa a kowane rabo. Hujjojin kasafin kuɗi suna yin nasara inda hujjojin ɗabi'a suka tsaya.

  5. 5

    Biyo bayan yanke shawara

    Aiwatarwa, ba ɗauka ba, shine inda yawancin nasarorin manufofi ke ɓacewa a hankali.

Yin jayayya da manufofi da aminci

Abin da ya dace a yi

  • Ka ambaci takamaiman doka ko layin kasafin kuɗi maimakon da'awar gaba ɗaya game da tallafi.
  • Ka tsara sake fasalin a matsayin cire murdiya maimakon ƙara ƙuntatawa.
  • Ka raba shari'ar jin daɗi, lafiya da yanayi - kwamitoci daban-daban suna amsa shaida daban-daban.
  • Ka yarda da farashin canjin manoma a fili; manufofin da suka yi watsi da su suna kasawa a siyasance.

Abin da ya dace a guje wa

  • Ɗaukar duk tallafin noma a matsayin wani yanki guda ɗaya mara bambanci.
  • Danganta dukan tsarin ga jam'iyyar siyasa ɗaya - goyon bayansa yana da faɗi a tsakanin jam'iyyu a yawancin ƙasashe.
  • Neman hani inda canjin tsoho zai cim ma fiye da kuma tsira daga zaɓe.
  • Amfani da alkaluman duniya da ake jayayya ba tare da lura da kewayon da tushen ba.

Tambayoyin manufofi

Nawa ne tallafin noma da gaske ke tallafawa kayayyakin dabbobi?

Ƙididdiga sun bambanta da hanyar. Ga Manufar Noma ta EU, bincike masu zaman kansu sun sanya rabon da ke tallafawa samar da dabbobi a kusan kashi 80% idan an haɗa biyan kuɗin abinci da filayen ciyawa; alkaluman tallafin masu samarwa na OECD sun nuna irin wannan tattara a cikin kayayyaki masu tasiri.

Shin haɗa farashin waje zai sa abinci ya zama mara araha?

Zai canza farashin dangi sosai maimakon ɗaga duk farashin daidai: tushen shuka yana canzawa kaɗan, yayin da naman sa da kiwo ke tashi sosai. Yawancin shawarwari masu mahimmanci suna haɗa farashi tare da tallafi ga gidaje masu ƙarancin kuɗi da kuma canjin manoma.

Shin yana da doka a kira samfurin shuka 'burger'?

Ya dogara da yankin kuma an shigar da shi a kotu. Yawancin ƙoƙarin hana irin waɗannan kalmomi an ƙi su ta kotu ko majalisu, yayin da wasu ƙuntatawa na kalmomin kiwo ke ci gaba a cikin EU.

Shin dokokin jin daɗi suna hana noman masana'antu?

A'a. Gabaɗaya suna tsara mafi ƙarancin sharuɗɗa a cikinsa, kuma ayyukan masana'antu na yau da kullun ana keɓe su daga tanadin zalunci na dabbobi.

Menene canjin manufofi guda ɗaya mafi nasara a gida?

Ma'aunin sayen jama'a. Ana yanke su ta hanyar gudanarwa, suna amsa shaidar farashi, kuma suna shafar yawan abinci mai yawa.

Shin wannan ajandar hagu ce?

A'a. Sake fasalin tallafi, farashi na gaskiya, soke ƙuntatawa na sunan abinci na shuka da ke mutunta haƙƙin mallaka, da sarrafa farashin lafiyar jama'a suna da masu goyon baya a ko'ina cikin siyasa, kuma tsarin yanzu ana kare shi a ko'ina.

Tushen

  • FAO, UNDP & UNEP (2021). A Multi-Billion-Dollar Opportunity: Repurposing agricultural support.
  • OECD. Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation — Producer Support Estimates.
  • Springmann, M. et al. Health-motivated taxes and true-cost accounting of foods.