Kwatancen 24 ta amfani da bayanan rayuwa da aka sake nazari — iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa da furotin, a kowace kilogram na abinci ko a kowace gram 100 na furotin.
Naman sa shine abinci mafi yawan iskar gas da aka fi amfani da shi: methane na dabbobi masu tauna, samar da abinci da faɗaɗa makiyaya duk suna taruwa. Wake yana gyara nitrogen ɗin sa da kansa, baya buƙatar matakin canza abinci, kuma yayi daidai da naman sa kusan gram-da-gram akan furotin.
Ciyar da waken soya ga shanu yana ɓata mafi yawan furotin da adadin kuzari. Cin waken soya kai tsaye a matsayin tofu yana kawar da wannan asarar juyawa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa sawun tofu kuskure ne na zagaye kusa da naman sa.
Kowace madarar tsirrai ta fi madarar dabbobi a dukkan bangarorin muhalli uku. Hatsi shine mafi kyawun madadin: ƙarancin amfani da ruwa, yankuna masu matsakaicin zafi da babu matsin ban ruwa irin na almond.
Cuku shine abinci na uku mafi yawan iskar gas bayan naman sa da rago, saboda yana ɗaukar kusan lita goma na madara don yin kilogiram ɗaya. Cusun da aka yi da goro baya buƙatar dabbobi sam, duk da cewa goro na bishiya yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa.
Kaza galibi ana haɓaka shi azaman nama mai ƙarancin carbon, kuma ya fi naman sa ƙasa - amma har yanzu yana fitar da sau shida fiye da wake a kowace kilogram, kuma yana kashe rayuwar dabbobi da yawa a kowace kilogram na abinci fiye da kowace babbar dabba.
Fermented waken soya gabaɗaya yana riƙe da fiber da furotin na wake yayin da yake ƙara bitamin B. Dole ne a ciyar da aladu kilogiram da yawa na amfanin gona a kowace kilogram na nama, wanda shine inda yawancin sawun ke fitowa.
Kwai suna tsaka-tsaki a kan hayaki amma a matsanancin ƙarshe don cholesterol na abinci. Tofu da aka mayar da shi scramble tare da turmeric da baƙar fata yana ba da faranti mai kama da haka tare da furotin fiye da haka kuma babu cholesterol.
Musanyawa man shanu da man zaitun yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman shaidun canje-canjen abinci guda ɗaya don haɗarin cututtukan zuciya, kuma yana rage rabin farashin yanayi na kitse a cikin girkin ku.
Rago yana matsayi na biyu bayan naman sa dangane da hayaki da na farko a amfani da fili a kowane kilogiram a tsarin abinci da yawa. Wake yana kan kishiyar kowane fanni, kuma shine mafi arha furotin a kowane gram a kasuwa.
Salmon ba sa samar da EPA da DHA — suna tarawa daga algae. Shan man algae kai tsaye yana cire buƙatar kifin abinci, matsalolin lice na teku da tserewa daga raga, da kuma gurɓataccen kaya.
Noman kifin prawn yana cikin mafi yawan abincin teku masu cin carbon saboda share mangoro, wanda ke fitar da adana carbon na bakin teku. Tushen naman gwari, da aka soya sosai, suna sake haifar da cizon daidai gwargwado.
Dukansu sukari ne masu tarawa, don haka abinci mai gina jiki yana kusa da banza. Bambancin shine ɗabi'a: zuma shine abincin hunturu na ƙudan zuma, wanda ake maye gurbinsa da syrup na sukari.
Fata ba kawai kayan da ake samu ba ne: fatun dabbobi suna da babban tasiri ga muhalli, kuma rini na chrome yana haifar da gurɓatar ruwa mai tsanani. Madadin fatar cactus, cork, mycelium da fatar ganyen abarba yanzu suna yin aiki a matsayin jakunkuna da takalma.
Ulu yana ɗauke da methane da tasirin ƙasa na tumakin da suka girme shi. Don ɗumi, cike da zaruruwan roba da aka sake sarrafawa, hemp da lyocell suna daidaita aiki tare da ƙarancin tasiri.
Burger shine misali mafi bayyananne na bambanci tsakanin abinci. Gurasar wake ko lentil tana kashe kusan kashi 3% na tasirin yanayi na gurasar naman sa yayin da take ƙara zaruruwa da babu a nama.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka zaɓa bazuwar da suka kwatanta kari na wake da whey yayin horon juriya sun gano daidaitattun haɓaka a ƙarfi da kwayar nama lokacin da aka daidaita yawan protein. Wake yana da ƙarancin leucine a kowace gram, don haka kashi mai girma kaɗan yana rage bambanci.
Gelatin shine haɗaɗɗen collagen daga fatar alade da fatar shanu. Agar, wanda aka ciro daga jajayen ganyen teku, yana saiti da ƙarfi kuma baya narkewa a ɗaki mai zafi — yana da amfani ga kayan zaki na tafiye-tafiye da kuma yanayin zafi.
Fermented waken soya yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai iri ɗaya kamar yogurt na madara, kuma nau'ikan da ba a sa sugar ba suna da ɗan ƙaramin sinadarin gina jiki tare da ƙarancin kitsen jiki mai yawa.
Gluten na alkama shine mafi girman sinadarin gina jiki na shuka kuma yana ɗaukar miya kamar nama. Ba shi da lafiya ga masu cutar celiac, amma ga kowa da kowa yana da mafi kusancin rubutu da naman sa da aka dafa.
Yawancin cakulan mai duhu sama da kashi 70% na koko baya ƙunshe da madara ko kaɗan. Yana ɗauke da ninki da yawa na flavanol da ninki biyar na ƙarfe fiye da cakulan madara.
Dan Masara da aka niƙa shine mafi arha kuma ingantaccen tushen ALA, amma juyawar zuwa EPA da DHA yana da iyaka. Cikakken bayanin tushen tsirrai shine Dan Masara don ALA tare da ɗan ƙaramin kwayar man algae a kullum.
Madarar waken soya da aka wadatar ita ce mafi kusa da madarar saniya a fannin gina jiki kuma ita ce madarar tsirrai da ake amfani da ita a matsayin abin misali a yawancin ka'idojin abinci ga yara sama da shekara guda.
Mycoprotein ana shuka shi a cikin injunan fermented maimakon filaye, don haka buƙatar filinsa ba ta da yawa. Duba lakabin: wasu nau'ikan har yanzu suna haɗuwa da farin kwai.
Jackfruit ɗan ƙarami, koren jackfruit yana raguwa kamar naman alade da aka dafa a hankali kuma yana shanyar miyan barbecue sosai. Carbohydrate ne, ba sinadarin gina jiki ba, don haka a ci shi da wake ko abinci mai tushen wake.
Naman sa, rago da kifi mai kiwo suna da mafi girman hayaƙin gas mai gurbata yanayi a kowace kilogram da a kowace gram 100 na furotin; cuku da sauran kayan kiwo masu kiwo suna bi. Legumes, hatsi, tofu da yawancin kayan lambu suna da ƙasa sosai.
An samo adadin daga binciken Poore & Nemecek na 2018 Science meta-analysis na gonaki ~38,700 a cikin ƙasashe 119, mafi cikakken bayanan rayuwa da ake samu, da kuma tushen da aka ambata a kowace shafin kwatanta.
Kaɗan sosai. Sufuri yawanci ƙaramin rabo ne na hayaƙin abinci, kuma shanu masu ciyawa yawanci suna fitar da ƙarin methane a kowace kilogram kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙasa fiye da shanu masu kiwo sosai. Abincin da kuka zaɓa ya fi mahimmanci fiye da yadda ya yi tafiya.
Yadda kwatancen ke aiki
Shafukan kwatance suna da amfani kuma ana iya yin amfani da su cikin sauki. Lambobin da ke nan sun bi hanyar aiki guda daya, kuma an bayyana zato a fili domin ka iya rashin yarda da su daidai maimakon a dunkule.
Lambobin muhalli sun dogara ne akan hadewar binciken Poore & Nemecek na shekarar 2018 a mujallar Science, wanda ya tattara kimantawar zagayowar rayuwa daga kusan gonaki 38,700 a kasashe 119 — har yanzu shine mafi girman bayanan irinsa. Ya kunshi hayaki, amfani da kasa, ruwa mai dadi da kuma eutrophication daga gona zuwa shago. Inda wani samfur ba ya cikin wannan bayanan, ana amfani da kididdigar zagayowar rayuwa ta kasa ko kuma binciken LCA na samfur da aka yi bita, kuma ana lakafta su haka.
Matsakaici yana boye rarrabuwa mai girma. Kashi 25% na masu samar da naman sa masu tasiri mafi girma suna fitar da hayaki kusan sau goma sha biyu a kowace kilogiram fiye da kashi 25% mafi kankanta. Wannan bambancin na gaske ne kuma yana da muhimmanci ga manufofi. Hakanan baya ceton kwatancen: naman sa mafi karancin tasiri har yanzu ya fi mafi girman furotin na shuka tasiri a kan duka hayaki da amfani da kasa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa maye gurbin samfur ya fi inganta samarwa a matsayin hanyar mutum daya.
Zabin naúrar aiki yana canza bayyanar kwatance fiye da kowane yanke shawara. A kowace kilogiram yana fifita abinci mai ruwa; a kowace kalori yana fifita mai; a kowace giram na furotin ita ce mafi adalci naúrar ga abincin da ake ci musamman a matsayin furotin. Inda wadannan shafuka suka kwatanta tushen furotin, furotin ne naúrar, kuma inda suka kwatanta abubuwan sha, girma ne. Duk wani tebur da ya canza naúrar a hankali tsakanin layuka ya kamata a kula da shi da shakku.
Ga kusan dukkan abinci, samarwa ne ya fi rinjaye kuma sufuri yana kusan kashi 6% na jimillar hayakin tsarin abinci. Banda shi ne kayan da ake jigilar su ta jirgin sama, wanda yanki ne kunkuntar. Naman sa da aka samar a gida ba shi da karancin tasiri fiye da legumes da aka shigo da su; tunanin cewa nisa shine babban abu shine kuskure mafi yawan gaske a cikin tunanin sawun abinci na yau da kullun.
Kwatancen muhalli sun dogara ne akan auna jiki; kwatancen lafiya sun dogara ne akan ilimin cututtuka da kuma karamin adadin gwaje-gwaje. Inda wadannan shafuka suka bayyana bambancin lafiya, suna bambanta tsakanin yiwuwar injiniya, hadewar lura da shaida ta bazuwar — kuma suna lura da inda girman tasirin ya yi kankanta da bai kamata ya tursasa yanke shawara da kansa ba.
Matsakaicin duniya, daga gona zuwa shago, a kowace kilogiram na samfur sai dai in an bayyana. Masu samarwa guda daya sun bambanta da girman oda.
| Abinci | kg CO₂e a kowace kg | Kasa m² a kowace kg | Ruwa mai dadi L a kowace kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naman sa (garken naman sa) | ~60 | ~164 | ~15,400 |
| Naman rago | ~24 | ~185 | ~10,400 |
| Cuku | ~21 | ~88 | ~5,600 |
| Jatan lande da aka noma | ~12 | ~2 | ~3,500 |
| Naman alade | ~7 | ~11 | ~6,000 |
| Naman kaza | ~6 | ~7 | ~4,300 |
| Kwai | ~4.5 | ~6 | ~3,300 |
| Tofu | ~3 | ~2 | ~2,000 |
| Madara (kiwo) | ~3 | ~9 | ~630 |
| Legumes | ~0.8 | ~3 | ~1,250 |
| Madarar waken soya | ~1 | ~0.7 | ~28 |
Poore & Nemecek (2018), Science · Water Footprint Network · Our World in Data
Tambayoyi biyar da ke fallasa mafi yawan jadawali masu yaudara cikin kasa da minti daya.
A kowace kilogiram, a kowace kalori ko a kowace giram na furotin — kuma shin daidai ne a duk layuka?
Kofar gona, shago ko faranti? Rashin hada sarrafawa da firiji yana fifita wasu samfura sosai.
Tallace-tallace akai-akai suna ambaton kashi goma mafi karancin tasiri na samar da dabbobi a kan matsakaicin na shuke-shuke.
LCAs da masu samarwa suka ba da kuɗi ba lallai ba ne kuskure, amma suna zabar iyakoki da rabon da suka fi dacewa da mai tallafawa.
Rarraba tsakanin nama, fata, kiwo da samfuran gefe na iya canza lambar take da ninki biyu.
A wasu ma'auni, kamar bambancin halittu na gida da carbon na kasa a kasa mara kyau, yana iya zama. A kan hayaki a kowace kilogiram gabaɗaya ya fi muni, saboda girma a hankali yana nufin ƙarin methane a kowace naúrar nama, kuma yana amfani da ƙarin kasa sosai.
Almonds suna da yawan ruwa a kowace goro, amma a kowace lita na madara almond har yanzu tana amfani da ruwa kasa da madarar kiwo sosai. Kwatancen da ke yawo a kan layi yawanci yana kwatanta almonds duka da gilashin madara.
Kusan kashi 77% na waken soya na duniya ana ciyar da dabbobi. Waken soya don cinikin mutane kai tsaye — tofu, tempeh, madarar waken soya — karamin rabo ne na samarwa kuma galibi ana noma shi a wajen yankunan kan iyaka.
A hanya, eh; daidai, a'a. Lambobin kasa sun bambanta da abinci, hadewar makamashi da tarihin kasa. Matsayin nau'ikan abinci yana da tsayayye a kusan kowane yanki da aka yi nazari.
Yana ɗaukar kusan lita takwas zuwa goma na madara don yin kilogiram daya na cuku mai tauri, don haka hayakin garken kiwo yana tattare a cikin karamin nauyin samfur.
Hadewar tushen ta 2018 ne tare da gyare-gyare na gaba; inda sabbin kididdigar kasa suka canza lamba sosai, shafin yana lura da shi.