Dokoki & manufofi

Abin da doka ta ce game da dabbobin gona, ƙasa da ƙasa

12 jagorori a cikin harshe mai sauƙi game da dokokin jin daɗi, tallafin noma da dokokin lakabi na tushen shuka, kowanne an haɗa shi da tushen farko don ku iya duba shi da kanku.

Turai

Yawancin B–C · 3/10 an hana

Tarayyar Turai

Tarayyar Turai tana da mafi girman tsarin dokar jin dadin dabbobin gona a duniya: an haramta kejin kwai na gargajiya, kejin maraƙi da kejin alade bayan makonni huɗu na farkon ciki, kuma an amince da dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu ji a Mataki na 13 na Yarjejeniyar Aiki na Tarayyar Turai. Tilastawa da saurin gyara su ne raunin, kuma wani kaso mai yawa na Manufofin Noma na gama gari har yanzu yana tallafawa samar da dabbobi. Ana iya kiran samfuran tushen shuka 'burger' da 'nama' amma ba za a iya lakaba su 'madara', 'cuku' ko 'yogurt' ba bisa ga hukuncin TofuTown.

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B · 5/10 an hana

Birtaniya

Dokar Kare Lafiyar Dabbobi ta 2006 ta sanya nauyin kulawa ga duk wanda ke da alhakin dabba, kuma Dokar Kare Lafiyar Dabbobi (Hankali) ta 2022 ta amince da dabbobi masu kashin baya, cephalopods da decapod crustaceans a matsayin masu hankali. Birtaniya ta haramta kejin alade a 1999 da kejin maraƙi a 1990, kafin EU, amma kejin kaji masu arziƙi suna nan da doka. Tallafin noma yana canzawa daga biyan kuɗi bisa fili zuwa tsare-tsaren Gudanar da Ƙasa na Muhalli waɗanda ke biyan kuɗi don kayayyakin jama'a maimakon kadada.

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C · 4/7 an hana

Jamus

Jamus ta sanya kare dabbobi a cikin kundin tsarin mulkinta a shekarar 2002 kuma ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen farko da suka haramta kashe kajin maza, wanda ya fara aiki daga 2022. Dokar lakabin yadda ake kiwon dabbobi ta tilasta cewa naman alade da ake sayarwa a Jamus dole ne ya nuna yadda aka kiwon dabbar. Kayayyakin tushen shuka suna bin ka'idojin sunayen kiwo na EU, amma Hukumar Ka'idojin Abinci ta Jamus ta fitar da cikakken jagora wanda ya ba da izinin amfani da sunayen nama muddin an bayyana cewa abu ne na tushen shuka.

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D · 3/8 an hana

Faransa

Faransa ta amince da dabbobi a matsayin 'rayayyun halittu masu jin daɗi' a Kundin Tsarin Mulki a shekarar 2015, kuma ta haramta dabbobin daji a wasannin dawaki masu tafiye-tafiye, noman mink da kuma kashe kajin maza. Ita ce kuma mafi yawan masu samar da foie gras a duniya, wanda doka ta kare shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na 'al'adun gargajiya da na dafuwa'. Faransa ta yi dokar hana amfani da sunayen nama ga kayayyakin tushen shuka sau biyu, kuma Conseil d'État ta dakatar da duka biyun, ta mayar da tambayar zuwa Kotun Shari'a ta EU.

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D · 0/7 an hana

Spain

Dokar Spain ta 7/2023 game da kare dabbobi ita ce dokar farko ta ƙasa game da kare lafiyar dabbobi, amma ta keɓe dabbobin noma, yaƙin bijimai da karnukan farauta — manyan rukunan uku ta yawan adadi. An sake rarraba dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu ji maimakon abubuwa a cikin Kundin Hukuncin Farar Hula a 2021. Spain ita ce babbar mai samar da alade a EU, kuma muhawarar 'macrogranjas' game da manyan rukunin noma ta haifar da sabbin dokokin ƙasa game da girman garken, ruwa da hayaƙi.

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B · 2/6 an hana

Netherlands

Netherlands ta haramta noman gashin gaba ɗaya, ta rufe gonakin mink na ƙarshe a 2021, kuma tana gudanar da tsarin tauraron Beter Leven wanda ya motsa babban rabon kasuwar cikin gida sama da mafi ƙarancin doka. Babban batun manufofinta shine nitrogen: hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun tilasta wa gwamnati rage fitar da hayaki, wanda ya haifar da tsare-tsaren siyan dabbobi na son rai da darajarsu ta kai biliyoyin Yuro. Ita ma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kasuwanni da cibiyoyin bincike na abinci na tushen shuka a Turai.

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Arewacin Amurka

D · 0/10 an hana

Amurka

Amurka ba ta da wata dokar tarayya ta gama-gari da ke kula da yadda ake kiwon dabbobin gona: Dokar Jin Dadin Dabbobi ta kebe dabbobin gona da ake amfani da su don abinci, kuma Dokar Hanyoyin Kashe Dabbobi ta kebe kaji, wanda ya wuce kashi 90% na dabbobin da ake kashewa. Don haka kariya ta fito ne daga matakan jefa kuri'a na jihohi — Proposition 12 na California da Question 3 na Massachusetts sune mafi karfi — da kuma alkawuran siyan kamfanoni. Fiye da jihohi goma sha biyu sun zartar da dokokin da ke takaita sunayen irin na nama akan kayayyakin tushen shuka, kuma da yawa an hana su ta kotu bisa dalilan 'Yancin Magana na Farko.

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D · 2/8 an hana

Kanada

Kare dabbobin gona a Kanada ya dogara ne akan Dokokin Ayyuka na son rai da Majalisar Kula da Dabbobin Gona ta Kasa (NFACC) ta samar, wadanda suke zama doka ne kawai idan larduna suka ambace su a cikin dokokinsu. Dokar laifuka ta tarayya ta magance zalunci da gangan amma ta kebe ayyukan noma na yau da kullum. Madara, kwai da kaza suna aiki a karkashin tsarin sarrafa samarwa tare da kason samarwa da kariyar harajin shigo da kaya, kuma Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Kanada (CFIA) tana bukatar kayayyakin kwatankwacin tushen shuka su dauki kalmar siffatawa kamar 'simulated' (kwaikwayi).

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Asiya

C · 1/7 an hana

Indiya

Kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya ya sanya wa 'yan kasa aikin nuna tausayi ga halittu masu rai, kuma Dokar Hana Zaluntar Dabbobi ta 1960 tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin irin waɗannan dokoki a duniya — ko da yake mafi girman tarar ta kasance ƙanana sosai tsawon shekaru. An hana ko taƙaita kashe shanu a yawancin jihohi, tare da dokoki daban-daban a tsakaninsu. Indiya kuma ita ce kasa daya tilo da ke da alamomin wajibi na cin ganyayyaki da cin nama a duk abincin da aka tattara, tare da keɓaɓɓen tambarin vegan na FSSAI da aka gabatar a 2022.

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Osheaniya

D · 2/7 an hana

Ostiraliya

Kare lafiyar dabbobi a Ostiraliya ana tsara shi ne ta jihohi da yankuna, kuma kowace hukuma tana keɓe ayyukan da ake yi bisa ga Ka'idodin Ayyuka na Masana'antu — don haka tsarewa na yau da kullun, mulesing da yanke baki suna ci gaba da zama halal. Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa doka a 2024 don kawo ƙarshen fitar da tumaki da rai ta teku daga Mayu 2028. Binciken majalisar dattawa na 2022 ya ba da shawarar taƙaita sunaye irin na nama akan kayayyakin tushen shuka, amma gwamnati ba ta aiwatar da takurawa dole ba.

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Oceania

B · 5/7 an hana

New Zealand

New Zealand ta gyara Dokar Kare Lafiyar Dabbobi a shekarar 2015 don amincewa da dabbobi a matsayin masu ji, kuma ta haramta fitar da dabbobi raye-raye ta teku a shekarar 2023 — ko da yake gwamnati mai zuwa ta yi yunkurin soke haramcin. An daina amfani da kejin kaji na yau da kullun a karshen shekarar 2022, kuma an haramta mulesing. Hayakin gas na noma, wanda ya kai kusan rabin jimillar hayakin kasa, ya kasance batun tsare-tsaren farashi da aka maimaita kuma aka jinkirta akai-akai.

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Amurka ta Kudu

D · 0/7 an hana

Brazil

Kundin tsarin mulkin Brazil ya hana ayyukan da ke jefa dabbobi cikin zalunci, kuma dokar laifukan muhalli ta 1998 ta sanya cin zarafi laifi, amma dabbobin gona galibi ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar umarnin ma'aikatu maimakon dokokin kare lafiyar dabbobi na musamman. Brazil ita ce mafi girman mai fitar da naman sa a duniya, wanda ke samun tallafi ta hanyar biliyoyin daloli na rancen noma mai tallafi ta hanyar Plano Safra na shekara-shekara. Tun daga 2023 ma'aikatar noma ta taƙaita amfani da kalmomin nama da kiwo a kan samfuran tushen shuka.

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Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

Shin an hana kejin kwai a Tarayyar Turai?

An hana kejin kwai marasa inganci tun daga 2012. Amma kejin da aka inganta, wanda ke ba kowace kaza 750 cm² (wanda ya fi takardar A4 kadan), har yanzu yana halatta a yawancin kasashe mambobin, kuma miliyoyin kaji suna ci gaba da zama a ciki.

Shin dokar Birtaniya ta amince da dabbobi a matsayin masu hankali?

E. Dokar Kare Lafiyar Dabbobi (Hankali) ta 2022 ta shafi duk dabbobi masu kashin baya da kuma cephalopods da decapod crustaceans, kuma tana buƙatar ministoci su yi la'akari da lafiyar dabbobi lokacin yin manufofi.

Shin dabbobin gona suna da kariya ta dokar tarayya ta Amurka?

Da kyar. Dokar Jin Dadin Dabbobi ta kebe su, Dokar Hanyoyin Kashe Dabbobi ta Mutuntaka ta shafi dabbobi masu shayarwa ne kawai a lokacin kisa, kuma Dokar Sa'o'i 28 tana tsara sufuri. Babu wani abu na tarayya da ke tsara yadda ake ajiye dabbobi a gonaki.

Shin kare dabbobi yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus?

E. Gyaran da aka yi a shekarar 2002 ga Mataki na 20a na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sanya kare dabbobi manufa ce ta kasa, wadda kotuna ke daidaita ta da sauran hakkokin tsarin mulki kamar 'yancin addini da bincike.

Shin dabbobi suna da hankali a doka a Faransa?

Ee, tun daga shekarar 2015, Civil Code ya kwatanta su a matsayin halittu masu rai da jin daɗi, ko da yake har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin tsarin mallaka.

Shin dokar kare lafiyar dabbobi ta Spain ta shafi dabbobin gona?

A'a. Dokar 7/2023 ta shafi dabbobin abokantaka da na namun daji da aka kama; an cire dabbobin gona, bijiman da ake amfani da su a bukukuwa da karnukan farauta yayin shigar da ita majalisa.

An haramta noman gashi a Netherlands?

Ee. Dokar kawar da ita daga 2013 an hanzarta ta bayan barkewar cutar COVID-19 a gonakin mink, kuma an rufe gonakin ƙarshe a 2021.

Shin kare lafiyar dabbobi yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya?

E. Mataki na 51A(g) ya sanya tausayi ga halittu masu rai a matsayin aiki na asali na 'yan kasa, kuma Kotun Koli ta yi amfani da shi don amincewa da haƙƙin dabbobi na rayuwa cikin mutunci.

Shin dabbobin gona suna da kariya ta dokar Kanada?

A wani bangare kawai. Dokar Laifuka tana magance zalunci da gangan amma ta kebe ayyukan noma da aka yarda da su, kuma ka'idojin gona suna cikin Dokokin Ayyuka na son rai wadanda wasu larduna kawai ke sanya su zama doka.

An haramta fitar da dabbobi da rai a Ostiraliya?

Fitar da tumaki da rai ta teku za ta ƙare a Mayu 2028 a ƙarƙashin dokar 2024, tare da kunshin mika mulki ga masu samarwa. Fitar da shanu da rai ba ta shafa ba.

Shin dokar New Zealand ta gane jin da rai?

E. Dokar Gyaran Jin Dadin Dabba ta 2015 ta bayyana a fili cewa dabbobi suna da jin da rai.

Shin kundin tsarin mulkin Brazil yana kare dabbobi?

E. Mataki na 225 ya buƙaci jihar ta kare namun daji kuma ya hana ayyukan da ke jefa dabbobi cikin zalunci, kuma Kotun Koli ta Tarayya ta dogara da shi don soke dokokin da ke ba da izinin vaquejada da fadan zakara.

Bayanai: Dokokin farko, ma'aikatun noma na ƙasa, World Animal Protection · Yanci don sake amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin CC BY 4.0 tare da hanyar haɗi.