global-cuisines ·

Abincin Hausa ba tare da Nama ba: Tarihin Kosai da Wake

Bincike kan yadda kosai, wake, da sauran abincin Hausa marasa nama suka samo asali da kuma mahimmancinsu ga al'ummar Sahel.

857 kalmomi · Maƙalar yau ta Veg.ac
Wani rumfar abinci ta gargajiya a Najeriya tana sayar da kosai da wake
Veg.ac · AI-generated illustration

Abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba, musamman kosai da wake, yana da dogon tarihi wanda ya samo asali tun kafin shigowar nama a cikin abinci na yau da kullum a yankin Sahel. Wannan abinci, wanda ke da wadata a furotin da kuma wadatar sinadirai, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga al'ummominmu, musamman a lokutan da ake fuskantar kalubalen noma da tsaron abinci. Yau, za mu yi nazarin yadda wadannan abinci suka samo asali, yadda suke ci gaba, da kuma mahimmancinsu ga al'adunmu da lafiyarmu.

Tsoffin Al'adun Abinci: Kafin Tsufa

Tun kafin shigowar kiwon dabbobi a matsayin babban tushen abinci a wasu al'ummominmu, wake da sauran irin su gyada sun kasance ginshikin abincin Hausa. Ana amfani da wake wajen yin abinci iri-iri, daga kosai (akara) da aka yi da wake, zuwa tuwon wake, da kuma miyar wake. Wadannan abinci ba su kawo karancin furotin da ake bukata ga jiki ba, kuma suna da saukin samarwa a yankunanmu na noma.

Wake busasshe, babban tushen furotin a abincin Hausa.
Wake busasshe, babban tushen furotin a abincin Hausa.Veg.ac · AI-generated illustration

Tushen Kosai da Wake

Kosai, wanda aka fi sani da Akara, ana yin sa ne ta hanyar niƙa wake da kuma soyawa. Yana da sauƙin yi kuma ana iya samun kayan hadin sa a kowane kasuwa. Wake kuma, ana dafa shi har ya yi laushi, sannan a yi masa miya mai gina jiki, ko kuma a yi tuwo da shi. Rabin kilo na wake na iya samar da isasshen furotin ga iyali gaba daya, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ciyar da jama'a da kuma rage dogaro ga nama.

Furotin a cikin Wake
Bisa ga alkaluma, wake na dauke da kashi 20-25% na furotin.
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT)
Karancin Abinci
Kashi 60% na yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar a wasu yankunan Sahel na fuskantar karancin abinci.
UNICEF

Yankin Sahel da Kalubalen Abinci

Yankin Sahel, wanda ya hada da arewacin Najeriya, ya fuskanci matsalolin fari da tsananin yanayi da yawa. A irin wadannan lokuta, abinci kamar wake, wanda ba ya bukatar ruwa mai yawa, ya zama wajibi. Kasuwancin wake da sauran irin abinci na gida yana taimakawa wajen samar da kudin shiga ga manoma da kuma tabbatar da cewa akwai abinci a gidaje. Har ila yau, miyar kuka, wacce ake yi da ganyen kuka, tana dauke da sinadirai masu yawa kuma tana taimakawa wajen magance karancin bitamin.

  • Wake: tushen furotin, fiber, da sauran sinadirai.
  • Gyada: tushen mai da furotin, ana amfani da shi wajen yin miya da kuma kosai.
  • Millet da Sorghum: tushen carbohydrates, ana yin garin tuwo da su.
  • Ganyen Kuka: tushen bitamin da ma'adanai, ana yin miya da shi.

Ci gaban Hanyoyin Daɗaɗawa

A tsawon lokaci, hanyoyin dafa abinci na gargajiya sun ci gaba da kasancewa, amma kuma an samu wasu sabbin hanyoyi da suka kara bunkasa su. Misali, yanzu ana iya samun kosai da aka yi da sauran irin wake, ko kuma a kara wasu kayan hadin don inganta dandano. Duk da haka, ruhin abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba ya kasance iri daya: amfani da kayan abinci na gida, masu gina jiki, da kuma masu saukin samu.

Rarraba Abincin Furotin a Najeriya (Alkaluma ta Kwatanta)

Unit: %
Wake65 %
Nama25 %
Kifi10 %

Bisa ga nazarin amfani da abinci na samar da furotin a yankin arewa. Source: Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona ta Najeriya (IAR).

Mahimmancin Abincin Gida ga Tsaron Abinci

Abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba, kamar kosai da wake, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tsaron abinci a yankin Sahel. Duk da cewa nama na da sinadirai masu gina jiki, amma kuma yana da tsada kuma ba kowa ke iya samunsa akai-akai ba. Wake da sauran irin abinci na gida na samar da tushen furotin mai araha kuma mai inganci. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen rage talauci da kuma tabbatar da cewa kowa na da damar samun abinci mai gina jiki.

“Abincin da ba shi da nama ba yana inganta lafiyar al'umma da kuma tattalin arziki ta hanyar rage kashe-kashe da taimakawa manoma.”

— Malam Ibrahim Abdullahi, Masanin Abinci

Fitar da Siyasa da Kasuwanci

Kasuwancin wake da sauran irin abinci na gida yana da tasiri sosai ga tattalin arzikin yankin. Manoma na samun kudin shiga ta hanyar sayar da amfanin gonakinsu, kuma masu sayarwa a kasuwanni suna samun damar samar da abinci ga al'umma. Haka nan, an samu bunkasuwar kasuwancin abinci da aka sarrafa daga wake, kamar kosai da wake da aka shirya, wanda hakan ke kara samar da ayyukan yi.

Kasuwancin Wake a Yankin Arewa (Alkaluma ta Kwatanta)

Unit: Dala miliyan
2020150 Dala miliyan
2021170 Dala miliyan
2022195 Dala miliyan
2023220 Dala miliyan

Alkaluma ta kiyasin kasuwar wake a Najeriya. Source: Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci da Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya (NBS).

Inda Muke Yanzu da Hanyar Gaba

A yau, abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba ya kasance wani bangare mai karfi na al'adunmu. Mun ga yadda kosai da wake suka samo asali, yadda suke taka rawa wajen samar da furotin, da kuma yadda suke taimakawa wajen inganta tsaron abinci da tattalin arziki. Bukatar abinci mai gina jiki da araha na ci gaba da karuwa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa irin wadannan abinci za su ci gaba da kasancewa masu mahimmanci.

Bunkasar Abincin Gida

Muna da damar bunkasa kasuwancin abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba. Ta hanyar kirkire-kirkire a hanyoyin dafa abinci, da inganta tattara kayan amfanin gona, da kuma fadakarwa game da amfanin irin wadannan abinci, za mu iya tabbatar da cewa al'adunmu na abinci sun ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma samar da fa'ida ga al'umma.

Dogaro ga Noma
Kashi 70% na al'ummar Sahel na dogaro da noma da kiwon dabbobi.
FAO
Aikin Mata
Mata na samar da kusan kashi 50% na aikin gona a yankin Sahel.
World Bank

Frequently asked questions

Menene mafi kyawun abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba?
Kosai da wake su ne manyan abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba. Suna da wadata a furotin, fiber, da sauran sinadirai masu gina jiki, kuma suna da saukin samu da kuma araha.
Ta yaya kosai da wake ke taimakawa wajen tsaron abinci?
Suna samar da tushen furotin da ake bukata ba tare da kashe kudi sosai ba, wanda hakan ke taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa iyalai na da isasshen abinci, musamman a lokutan karancin abinci.
Shin akwai wasu abinci na gargajiya da ba a amfani da nama a cikinsu?
Eh, akwai da dama, kamar tuwon dawa, miyar taushe, da kuma irin abinci da aka yi da shinkafa da wake. Wadannan abinci sun kasance ginshikin abincin Hausa tun da dadewa.
Me yasa ake amfani da wake sosai a yankin Sahel?
Wake yana girma sosai a yanayin busasshiyar yanayi na Sahel, kuma yana da karancin bukatar ruwa idan aka kwatanta da sauran amfanin gona. Haka kuma, yana da wadata a furotin da ake bukata.
Ta yaya za a inganta amfani da abincin Hausa ba tare da nama ba?
Ta hanyar fadakarwa game da amfanin lafiya da tattalin arziki, kirkire-kirkire a hanyoyin dafa abinci, da kuma tallafawa manoman wake da masu sarrafa shi. Haka zalama, inganta kasuwancin irin wadannan abinci.
Nawa ne furotin da ke cikin kosai?
Kosai da aka yi da wake na dauke da adadi mai yawa na furotin. Rabin kwano na kosai na iya samar da kusan gram 10-15 na furotin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ci gaban jiki da kuma gyaran nama.

Sources & further reading

  1. Hausa Foods and Their Nutritional Value — National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT)
  2. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World — Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  3. Children's Nutrition in the Sahel Region — UNICEF
  4. Nigerian Agricultural Sector Overview — National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
  5. Women's Role in Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa — World Bank