Tasirin yanayi na abinci, an auna shi yadda ya kamata

Mahimman lambobi

Babban bayanan abinci na duniya yana nuna bambance-bambance masu faɗi

Nazarin Poore & Nemecek na 2018 ya tattara bayanan gonaki kusan 38,700 a ƙasashe 119. Tasirin ya bambanta sosai a cikin abinci, amma har ma kayayyakin dabbobi masu ƙarancin tasiri yawanci suna wuce waɗanda suke na tsirrai a ma'auni da yawa. Duka zaɓin abinci da hanyoyin samarwa na iya rage tasiri.

Mil na abinci ba su da mahimmanci

Ga yawancin samfurori sufuri shine 1-9% na jimillar tasirin, maimakon haka ana mamaye shi da canjin amfani da ƙasa, fermentation na hanji, takin zamani da samar da abinci. Abincin da aka jigilar ta jirgin sama shine banda — amma ƙaramin kaso ne na ciniki, kuma jigilar kilogram ɗaya na wake a faɗin teku har yanzu ya fi kilogram ɗaya na naman sa da aka kiwata a gida da babban bambanci.

• Nama daga garken shanu: kusan 99 kg CO₂e a kowace kilogram a matsayin matsakaicin duniya.
• Tofu ciki har da sufuri da sarrafawa: kimanin 3 kg CO₂e a kowace kilogram.
• Naman sa na gida da aka kiwata a ciyawa ba mai ƙarancin carbon bane; kiwo yana faɗaɗa amfani da ƙasa da methane a kowace kilogram.

Methane, da dalilin da ya sa lokaci ya ke da mahimmanci

Methane na dabbobi masu taunawa yana da tsawon rayuwa a sararin samaniya na kimanin shekaru goma sha biyu amma kimanin sau 80 na ƙarfin dumama na CO₂ a cikin shekaru ashirin. Saboda yana lalacewa da sauri, rage yawan dabbobi yana haifar da sanyi mai ma'ana a cikin shekaru goma maimakon ƙarni — ɗaya daga cikin 'yan matakan yanayi tare da saurin martani.

Ƙasa ita ce hayakin da aka boye

Rabin ƙasa mai rai ana noma ta kuma kashi 77% na wannan gonar ana amfani da ita don dabbobi, wanda ke dawo da kashi 18% na kalori. Ƙasar da aka 'yantar ba ta da aiki: gandun daji da ciyawa da aka dawo dasu suna shan carbon, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa binciken abinci ke ba da rahoton 'farashin damar carbon' sau da yawa ya fi girma fiye da tanadin hayaƙin kai tsaye.

Mene ne canjin mutum yake da daraja

Sauya cin abinci mai yawan kayayyakin dabbobi da abincin da ya dogara ga tsirrai na iya rage hayakin da ke da alaƙa da abinci sosai. Tanadin ya dogara ne akan abincin farko, abincin maye gurbin da hanyoyin samarwa; farashi kuma ya bambanta.

A kallo

Matsakaicin tasirin duniya a kowace kilogram na abinci (Poore & Nemecek, 2018)

Ra'ayoyin gama gari

Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

Nawa CO₂ ne cin ganyayyaki ke tanada?

Tanadi ya dogara ne akan abincin da kake ci da farko, abincin da aka maye gurbinsa da hanyoyin samar da shi. Guje wa kayayyakin dabba kuma na iya ba da fili don maido da yanayi.

Cuku da gaske yana da tasiri mai yawa?

Iya — matsakaicin duniya a Poore & Nemecek yana kusan 24 kg CO₂e a kowace kilogiram na cuku. Tasiri ya dogara ne akan yadda ake samar da madara da nau'in cuku.

Wace madarar shuka ce mafi kyau ga yanayi?

Madarar waken suya da hatsi gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin tasiri, amma matsayinsu ya dogara ne akan ma'aunin. Madarar suya, hatsi, almond da shinkafa suna da ƙarancin hayaki a matsakaita fiye da madarar saniya.

Shin rage cin nama yana taimakawa da sauri fiye da rage tuƙi?

Duka biyun na iya taimakawa. Amfanin su ya dogara ne akan abincin da aka maye gurbinsa, nisan tafiya, abin hawa da lokaci; rage methane na iya rage dumamar yanayi da sauri.

Fa'idar sharar abinci fa?

Sharar gida tana ƙara kusan kashi 6% na hayaƙin duniya da kanta. Rage sharar gida da canza abinci suna ƙari ne, ba madadin ba.

Tushe

An samo alkaluma daga tushen da aka jera a karshen wannan jagorar.

• Poore & Nemecek, Science (2018) — Reducing food's environmental impacts
• IPCC — Special Report on Climate Change and Land
• FAO — Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model
• UNEP — Global Methane Assessment
• Our World in Data — Environmental impacts of food

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