Ruwa, gurbata da abinci: daga rijiyoyi zuwa yankunan mace-mace

Mahimman lambobi

Nau'ikan ruwa guda uku, lissafin gaskiya guda ɗaya

Ruwan kore shi ne ruwan sama da yake ajiye a cikin kasa kuma tsirrai ke amfani da shi. Ruwan shudi shi ne ruwan saman da aka cinye da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa; ruwan toka shi ne kiyasin adadin ruwan da ake bukata don biyan ka'idojin ingancin ruwa, ba ruwan da aka hako ba. Tasirin ya dogara ne akan karancin ruwa na gida, gurbatawa da hanyoyin samar da su da kuma jimillar adadin.

Rashin rijiyoyi yana da matsalar ciyawa

Ban ruwa don amfanin gona na abincin dabbobi na iya ba da gudummawa ga rage ruwan karkashin kasa, gami da wasu sassa na yammacin United States. Muhimmancin abincin dabbobi ya bambanta bisa ga yanki. Inda hakowa ruwan karkashin kasa ya zarce saurin cikar sa, samarwa yana raguwa.

Gurbatar abubuwa masu gina jiki da yankunan mace-mace

Ayyukan dabbobi masu yawa suna samar da taki fiye da yadda ƙasar da ke kusa za ta iya sha. Nitrogen da phosphorus suna kaiwa ga hanyoyin ruwa, suna ciyar da furannin algae, kuma ruɓewar waɗannan furannin yana cire iskar oxygen. Sakamakon shine yankunan hypoxic inda kifi da invertebrates ba za su iya rayuwa ba, suna faruwa kowace shekara a Tekun Mexico, Baltic da Tekun Gabashin China.

• Hayakin ammonia daga taki kuma yana haifar da gurɓataccen iska mai ƙananan barbashi da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar da ba a kai ga lokaci ba.
• Ragowar maganin rigakafi da hormones suna shiga cikin ruwa tare da abubuwa masu gina jiki.
• Al'ummomin da ke kusa da manyan ayyuka suna ɗaukar nauyin lafiya da farashin kadarori waɗanda kasuwa ba ta taɓa ƙidaya ba.

Abin da ke canzawa lokacin da abinci ya canza

Sauye-sauyen abinci na iya rage amfani da ruwa da kuma gurbatar muhallin ruwa, amma sakamakon ya dogara da abincin da aka maye gurbinsa da kuma inda aka shuka su. Wasu nau'ikan abincin da suka kunshi tsirrai da yawa suna kara bukatar ruwan shudi lokacin da suka hada da karin 'ya'yan itatuwa ko goro da ake ban ruwa; sarrafa gina jiki yana ci gaba da zama muhimmi.

A kallo

Matsakaicin sawun ruwan kore, shudi da toka na duniya (lita/kg; Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2012)

Ra'ayoyin gama gari

Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

Nawa ruwa ake buƙata don burger?

Ta amfani da matsakaicin duniya na lita 15,415/kg, naman sa guda daya mai nauyin kwata-paun (113 g) yana wakiltar kusan lita 1,750, galibi ruwan sama da aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da abincin dabbobi.

Shin madarar shuka tana amfani da ruwa mai yawa?

Madarar almond ita ce mafi girma daga cikin madarar shuka amma har yanzu tana amfani da ruwa kaɗan fiye da madarar dabbobi; madarar oat da soya sun fi ƙasa.

Me ke haifar da yankin mace-mace na Tekun Mexico?

Nitrogen da phosphorus daga noma na yankin Mississippi, gami da amfanin gona da taki, suna haifar da yankin hypoxic na shekara-shekara.

Shin noman gargajiya yana magance gurbatar abubuwa masu gina jiki?

Yana rage abubuwan da aka haɗa amma lodi na taki har yanzu yana iya wucewa shakar gida; girma da yawa sun fi muhimmanci fiye da alamar.

Mene ne canjin abinci guda ɗaya mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa?

Sauya wasu kayayyakin dabbobi da ganye na iya rage yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi a kowane gram na furotin. Don adana ruwan ban ruwa, yi la'akari da ƙarancin ruwa na gida da yadda ake noman abincin da aka maye gurbin.

Tushe

An samo alkaluma daga tushen da aka jera a karshen wannan jagorar.

• Mekonnen & Hoekstra, Ecosystems (2012) — A Global Assessment of the Water Footprint of Farm Animal Products
• FAO AQUASTAT — Water use
• Diaz & Rosenberg, Science (2008) — Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
• NOAA — Gulf of Mexico hypoxia
• Poore & Nemecek, Science (2018)

Rubutun wannan shafin yana da 'yancin sake amfani da shi a karkashin CC BY 4.0 tare da dangantawa ga Veg.ac.