Juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da haɗarin annoba a harkar kiwon dabbobi
Yawancin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sayar a duniya suna zuwa ga dabbobi masu kiwo, kuma cunkoso wuri ne mai inganci don sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaduwa. Wannan ita ce hujjar kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
A takaice
- Kiyasin da aka buga ya nuna cewa mafi yawan tallace-tallacen magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a duniya ta hanyar nauyi ana amfani da su ne ga dabbobin abinci; amfaninsu ya haɗa da magani, rigakafin cututtuka da kuma, inda aka ba da izini, haɓaka girma.
- Juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (AMR) tana da alaƙa da miliyoyin mutuwar mutane a kowace shekara kuma ana sa ran za ta yi muni.
- Uku daga cikin cututtuka huɗu masu yaduwa suna fitowa ne daga dabbobi (zoonotic), kuma tsarin kiwon kaji da aladu masu yawa an san su a matsayin wuraren haɓaka cututtuka.
- Cututtukan mura na tsuntsaye masu saurin kisa sun haifar da kashe miliyoyin tsuntsaye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Mahimman lambobi
Me yasa gonaki ke amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa
A cikin tsarin da aka cunkusa, magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta marasa isasshen magani suna ramawa ga damuwa, rauni, da kuma yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna ɗan haɓaka saurin ci gaba. Wannan al'ada, ƙaramin kashi na fallasa shine ainihin yanayin da ke zaɓar ƙwayoyin cuta masu juriya, waɗanda ke motsawa ta hanyar ma'aikata, taki, ruwa da nama.
Juriya tana iya aunawa a cikin sarkar abinci
Shirye-shiryen sa ido na ƙasa suna ci gaba da samun Salmonella, Campylobacter da E. coli masu juriya a kan naman da aka sayar, kuma kwayoyin halittar juriya ga colistin sun yadu a duniya bayan amfani da su a aikin gona. Ƙuntatawa na aiki: wasu ƙasashe na Turai sun rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a gonaki sosai ba tare da rugujewar samarwa ba, kuma ƙimar juriya ta ragu.
- Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai (EU) ta hana masu haɓaka ci gaban magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a 2006; an ƙara ƙuntata maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun ga rukuni a 2022.
- Tsarin 'katin rawaya' na Denmark ya rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ga aladu yayin da yake kiyaye samarwa.
- Juriya ba ta mutunta iyakoki — kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye suna sanya matsalar ta zama ta duniya.
Haɗarin annoba fasali ne na tsari, ba rashin sa'a ba
Sake haɗuwar mura tana bunƙasa inda adadi mai yawa na dabbobi masu kama da juna ke rayuwa a babban yawa tare da hulɗa da mutane. Aladu suna aiki a matsayin tasoshin haɗawa ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da na mutane; gonakin kaji suna haɓaka mura na tsuntsaye. Sabbin cututtukan H5N1 da suka shiga dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da shanu masu samar da madara, suna nuna yadda saurin yanayin haɗari ke canzawa.
Me ke rage haɗarin
Sa ido, kiyaye lafiyar dabbobi, rigakafi da amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta cikin gaskiya suna taimakawa wajen rage haɗari. Rage buƙata na iya rage yawan dabbobin da ake kiwo, amma haɗarin ɓarkewar cuta kuma ya dogara ne akan yadda ake kula da dabbobi, saduwa da namun daji da kuma sarrafa cututtuka.
Bayanan
Mace-macen da kwayoyin cuta na AMR ke haifarwa a duniya: kiyasin shekarar 2021 da hasashen 2050
- Attributable, 20211.14 miliyan
- Associated, 20214.71 miliyan
- Attributable, 20501.91 miliyan · reference forecast
A kallo
Martani na manufofi da tasirin da aka auna
| Ma'auni | Ina | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|
| Hana magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka ci gaba | EU, 2006 | Babban raguwar amfani; juriya ta ragu |
| Tsarin katin rawaya | Denmark | An rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ga aladu, an kiyaye samarwa |
| Dokokin rubuta magani na likitan dabbobi kawai | Madaidaici | An rage amfani da shi wanda ba na magani ba |
| Ƙimar yawa da jin daɗi | EU, UK | Ƙarancin matsa lamba na cuta |
| Rage buƙatu | Mai ciniki ne ke jagoranta | Yana rage yawan jama'ar da aka fallasa |
Ra'ayoyin gama gari
Da'awaDafa nama da kyau yana sanya juriya mara muhimmanci.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaDafa abinci yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a kan wannan yanki amma baya hana yaduwar juriya ta hanyar ma'aikata, taki, ruwa da gurɓatawa.
Da'awaMagungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na gona duk maganin dabbobi ne.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaYawancin tarihi ya tafi ga rigakafin dukan rukuni da haɓaka ci gaba, wanda shine abin da masu kula da su suka yi niyya.
Da'awaAnnoba tana fitowa ne daga dabbobin daji, ba gonaki ba.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaDuk biyun suna da mahimmanci. Tsarin kiwon kaji da aladu masu yawa an rubuta su a matsayin masu haɓakawa, kuma sabbin yaduwar H5N1 sun shiga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu kiwo.
Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi
- Nawa ne magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ke zuwa ga dabbobi?
- Kimanin yawanci yana sanya kusan kashi biyu cikin uku zuwa kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimillar magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na duniya a harkar kiwon dabbobi.
- Shin siyan nama mara maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta yana warware shi?
- Yana iya tallafawa rage amfani da maganin rigakafi, amma ma'anar lakabi na bambanta kuma ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfin tsiya har yanzu suna iya kasancewa akan naman dabbobin da aka kiwo ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba.
- Shin mura na tsuntsaye haɗari ne ga mutane?
- Kamuwar ɗan adam ba safai ba ne kuma yana farawa daga rashin alamun cuta ko rashin lafiya mai sauƙi zuwa cuta mai tsanani, wani lokacin kuma mai kisa. Canje-canjen ƙwayoyin cuta da kamuwa da dabbobi masu cuta suna buƙatar ci gaba da sa ido.
- Shin wata ƙasa ta rage amfani da nasara?
- Haka ne — Denmark, Netherlands da sauran sun rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a gonaki sosai ba tare da rugujewar samarwa ba.
- Shin cin abinci na tushen shuka yana taimakawa?
- Yana rage buƙatu don tsarin da ke haifar da matsa lamba na zaɓin juriya da kuma damar yaduwa.
Tushe
An samo alkaluma daga tushen da aka jera a karshen wannan jagorar.
- GRAM Project, The Lancet — Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance
- WHO — Antimicrobial resistance fact sheet
- FAO — Antimicrobial resistance in food and agriculture
- CDC — Zoonotic diseases
- WOAH — Avian influenza situation reports
Rubutun wannan shafin yana da 'yancin sake amfani da shi a karkashin CC BY 4.0 tare da dangantawa ga Veg.ac.
Ci gaba da karatu
Juyar da hujjoji zuwa abinci na mako guda
Shirin farawa na kwanaki 7 yana fassara duk abin da ke sama zuwa jerin siyayya da girke-girke masu sauƙi.