Juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da haɗarin annoba a harkar kiwon dabbobi
Yawancin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sayar a duniya suna zuwa ga dabbobi masu kiwo, kuma cunkoso wuri ne mai inganci don sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaduwa. Wannan ita ce hujjar kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
A takaice
- Yawancin amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a duniya ta fuskar yawa yana ga dabbobi masu rai, kuma yawancin ana amfani da su ne don haɓaka ci gaba da rigakafin cututtuka maimakon magani.
- Juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (AMR) tana da alaƙa da miliyoyin mutuwar mutane a kowace shekara kuma ana sa ran za ta yi muni.
- Uku daga cikin cututtuka huɗu masu yaduwa suna fitowa ne daga dabbobi (zoonotic), kuma tsarin kiwon kaji da aladu masu yawa an san su a matsayin wuraren haɓaka cututtuka.
- Cututtukan mura na tsuntsaye masu saurin kisa sun haifar da kashe miliyoyin tsuntsaye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Mahimman lambobi
Me yasa gonaki ke amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa
A cikin tsarin da aka cunkusa, magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta marasa isasshen magani suna ramawa ga damuwa, rauni, da kuma yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna ɗan haɓaka saurin ci gaba. Wannan al'ada, ƙaramin kashi na fallasa shine ainihin yanayin da ke zaɓar ƙwayoyin cuta masu juriya, waɗanda ke motsawa ta hanyar ma'aikata, taki, ruwa da nama.
Juriya tana iya aunawa a cikin sarkar abinci
Shirye-shiryen sa ido na ƙasa suna ci gaba da samun Salmonella, Campylobacter da E. coli masu juriya a kan naman da aka sayar, kuma kwayoyin halittar juriya ga colistin sun yadu a duniya bayan amfani da su a aikin gona. Ƙuntatawa na aiki: wasu ƙasashe na Turai sun rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a gonaki sosai ba tare da rugujewar samarwa ba, kuma ƙimar juriya ta ragu.
- Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai (EU) ta hana masu haɓaka ci gaban magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a 2006; an ƙara ƙuntata maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun ga rukuni a 2022.
- Tsarin 'katin rawaya' na Denmark ya rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ga aladu yayin da yake kiyaye samarwa.
- Juriya ba ta mutunta iyakoki — kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye suna sanya matsalar ta zama ta duniya.
Haɗarin annoba fasali ne na tsari, ba rashin sa'a ba
Sake haɗuwar mura tana bunƙasa inda adadi mai yawa na dabbobi masu kama da juna ke rayuwa a babban yawa tare da hulɗa da mutane. Aladu suna aiki a matsayin tasoshin haɗawa ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da na mutane; gonakin kaji suna haɓaka mura na tsuntsaye. Sabbin cututtukan H5N1 da suka shiga dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da shanu masu samar da madara, suna nuna yadda saurin yanayin haɗari ke canzawa.
Me ke rage haɗarin
Ƙarancin adadin dabbobi, ƙarancin yawa, ingantaccen sa ido, da raguwar buƙatu duk suna rage fallasa. Daga cikin waɗannan, rage buƙatu shine kawai abin da daidaikun mutane ke sarrafawa kai tsaye, kuma shine kawai wanda ke rage jimillar yankin haɗari maimakon sarrafa shi.
Bayanan
Mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da juriya ga magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, 2019
- Kai tsaye1.27 miliyan
- Mai alaƙa4.95 miliyan
- An ƙididdige 2050 (kimanin)10 miliyan · idan ba a duba ba
A kallo
Martani na manufofi da tasirin da aka auna
| Ma'auni | Ina | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|
| Hana magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka ci gaba | EU, 2006 | Babban raguwar amfani; juriya ta ragu |
| Tsarin katin rawaya | Denmark | An rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ga aladu, an kiyaye samarwa |
| Dokokin rubuta magani na likitan dabbobi kawai | Madaidaici | An rage amfani da shi wanda ba na magani ba |
| Ƙimar yawa da jin daɗi | EU, UK | Ƙarancin matsa lamba na cuta |
| Rage buƙatu | Mai ciniki ne ke jagoranta | Yana rage yawan jama'ar da aka fallasa |
Ra'ayoyin gama gari
Da'awaDafa nama da kyau yana sanya juriya mara muhimmanci.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaDafa abinci yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a kan wannan yanki amma baya hana yaduwar juriya ta hanyar ma'aikata, taki, ruwa da gurɓatawa.
Da'awaMagungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na gona duk maganin dabbobi ne.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaYawancin tarihi ya tafi ga rigakafin dukan rukuni da haɓaka ci gaba, wanda shine abin da masu kula da su suka yi niyya.
Da'awaAnnoba tana fitowa ne daga dabbobin daji, ba gonaki ba.
Abin da hujjoji suka nunaDuk biyun suna da mahimmanci. Tsarin kiwon kaji da aladu masu yawa an rubuta su a matsayin masu haɓakawa, kuma sabbin yaduwar H5N1 sun shiga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu kiwo.
Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi
- Nawa ne magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ke zuwa ga dabbobi?
- Kimanin yawanci yana sanya kusan kashi biyu cikin uku zuwa kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimillar magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na duniya a harkar kiwon dabbobi.
- Shin siyan nama mara maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta yana warware shi?
- Yana rage gudunmawarku amma ba gurɓatar muhalli da na aiki da aka raba ba wanda babban tsarin ya haifar.
- Shin mura na tsuntsaye haɗari ne ga mutane?
- Mutane masu cutar har yanzu suna da wuya amma suna da tsanani; damuwar ita ce canji da sake haɗuwa a cikin yawan dabbobi masu yawa.
- Shin wata ƙasa ta rage amfani da nasara?
- Haka ne — Denmark, Netherlands da sauran sun rage amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a gonaki sosai ba tare da rugujewar samarwa ba.
- Shin cin abinci na tushen shuka yana taimakawa?
- Yana rage buƙatu don tsarin da ke haifar da matsa lamba na zaɓin juriya da kuma damar yaduwa.
Tushe
An samo alkaluma daga tushen da aka jera a karshen wannan jagorar.
- GRAM Project, The Lancet — Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance
- WHO — Antimicrobial resistance fact sheet
- FAO — Antimicrobial resistance in food and agriculture
- CDC — Zoonotic diseases
- WOAH — Avian influenza situation reports
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Ci gaba da karatu
Juyar da hujjoji zuwa abinci na mako guda
Shirin farawa na kwanaki 7 yana fassara duk abin da ke sama zuwa jerin siyayya da girke-girke masu sauƙi.