Dukkan jagororinDa'a da kimiyya9 min karatu

Hankalin dabbobi: abin da kimiyya ta tabbatar, da abin da doka ta amince da shi yanzu

Hankali ya daina zama zato na falsafa kuma ya zama bincike na zahiri. Ga tushen shaidar, daga dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa cephalopods, da yadda doka ta biyo baya.

A takaice

  • Sanarwar Cambridge ta 2012 game da Hankali ta tabbatar da cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi suna da tushen jijiyoyin hankali.
  • Kifi yana nuna nociception, koyan guje wa ciwo da kuma gudanar da maganin kashe zafi da kansu.
  • Birtaniya ta amince da crustaceans masu decapod da cephalopods a matsayin masu hankali a 2022 bayan wani bita na tsarin fiye da nazari 300.
  • Aladu suna cin jarabawar dawo da abu mai jagorancin madubi; kaji suna nuna tunani mai wucewa da kuma kamun kai.

Mahimman lambobi

2012
Sanarwar Cambridge game da Hankali
Jami'ar Cambridge
300+
Nazarin da aka bincika don amincewa da hankalin crustaceans na Burtaniya
Binciken LSE, 2021
30+
Muryoyin da aka rubuta daban-daban a cikin aladu na gida
Binciken halayen dabbobi
2009
Amincewar EU ga dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu hankali (Yarjejeniyar Lisbon, Mataki na 13)
Tarayyar Turai

Hujjar jijiyoyin jiki

Hankali ba ya buƙatar kwakwalwar ɗan adam. Tsuntsaye suna samun ilimin halitta mai kwatankwacin ta hanyar pallium, kuma an kiyaye da'irori masu kama da na subcortical don tasiri a duk ilahirin dabbobi masu kashin baya. Kammalawar Sanarwar Cambridge ita ce rashin neocortex ba ya hana kwayar halitta daga fuskantar yanayin tasiri.

Ciwo yana da ma'auni, ba zato ba

Nociceptors, opioid receptors, musanyar halaye da neman maganin kashe zafi duk suna bayyana a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Kifi da aka ba da wani abu mai cutarwa suna barin matsuguni da aka fi so, kuma suna komawa halin al'ada lokacin da aka ba su morphine — wani tsari wanda bai dace da tunani ba kuma ya dace da ciwon da aka ji.

  • Kaji suna nuna son zuciya da hukunci mara kyau a ƙarƙashin damuwa, alamomin daidaito na mummunan tasiri.
  • Aladu suna nuna kamanceceniya da tausayi game da damuwa kuma suna koyo daga kuskuren abokan haɗin gwiwa.
  • Saniya suna da alamun bugun zuciya masu ma'auni na tsammanin da na takaici.

Daga shaida zuwa doka

Mataki na 13 na Yarjejeniyar Aiki na Tarayyar Turai ya wajabta wa ƙasashe membobi su ba da cikakken kulawa ga jin daɗin dabbobi a matsayin halittu masu hankali. Dokar Jin Daɗin Dabbobi (Hankali) ta Burtaniya ta 2022 ta faɗaɗa amincewar doka ga cephalopods da decapods. New Zealand, Quebec, Colombia da sauran su sun ɗauki yaren da ya dace.

Ramin da doka ta bari

Amincewa da hankali ba kasafai take canza ayyukan gonaki ba, saboda dokar jin daɗi tana keɓance 'kiwon dabbobi na al'ada'. Dabbobi masu hankali a bisa doka har yanzu ana iya ajiye su a cikin crates, a lalata su ba tare da maganin kashe zafi ba kuma a yanka su a wani ɗan lokaci na tsawon rayuwarsu ta halitta. Binciken hankali ya riga ya ci gaba fiye da ƙa'idodi.

Bayanan

Tsawon rayuwa na halitta da shekarun yanka na yau da kullun

  • Kaza (broiler)0.12 shekaru · na ~8 shekaru
  • Alade0.5 shekaru · na ~15 shekaru
  • Saniya mai shayarwa5 shekaru · na ~20 shekaru
  • Saniya mai nama1.5 shekaru · na ~20 shekaru

A kallo

Shaida don hankali ta rukuni

RukuniBabban shaidaAmincewar doka
Dabbobi masu shayarwaDa'irori masu tasiri na cortical da subcortical, tausayi, wasaGabaɗaya
TsuntsayeIlimin halitta na Pallial, tunani mai wucewa, kamun kaiGabaɗaya
KifiNociception, neman maganin kashe zafi, halayen musanyawaSashe
CephalopodsKoyo, sanin nociceptive, halaye na mutum ɗayaDokar bincike ta Burtaniya, EU
DecapodsKula da rauni, musanyar motsa rai, yanayin damuwaBirtaniya 2022
KwariShaida mai girma na nociception da valenceFitowa

Ra'ayoyin gama gari

Da'awaDabbobi ba sa jin ciwo kamar yadda muke ji.

Abin da hujjoji suka nunaTsarin ciwo tsofaffi ne kuma an kiyaye su a juyin halitta. Bambance-bambance suna cikin bayyanar da fahimta game da ciwo, ba a cikin ko an ji shi ba.

Da'awaKifi yana da ƙwaƙwalwar minti uku.

Abin da hujjoji suka nunaKifi yana riƙe ilimin sararin samaniya da zamantakewa na tsawon watanni, yana amfani da kayan aiki kuma yana gane mutane.

Da'awaDabbobin gona ba su da hankali.

Abin da hujjoji suka nunaAladu sun fi karnuka a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na fahimta, kuma kaji suna nuna tunani na lamba da na wucewa.

Tambayoyin da mutane ke yi

An daidaita kimiyya game da hankalin dabbobi?
Ga dabbobi masu kashin baya, a zahiri eh; yanzu ana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ba su da kashin baya da kuma matakin gogewa ta zahiri maimakon wanzuwarta.
Wane ƙasashe ne suka amince da hankali a bisa doka?
EU (Yarjejeniyar Lisbon Art. 13), Burtaniya, New Zealand, Quebec, Colombia da sauran su, tare da tasiri daban-daban na aiki.
Shin crustaceans suna jin zafi?
Binciken tsari na LSE na 2021 ya kammala cewa akwai shaida mai ƙarfi na hankali a cikin decapods, yana haifar da amincewar doka ta Burtaniya.
Shin hankali yana nufin dole ne mu daina cin dabbobi?
Yana cire hujjar cewa dabbobi ba za a iya cutar da su ba. Abin da ya biyo baya shine hukunci na ɗabi'a — amma yanzu dole ne ya fara daga gaskiyar cutarwa.
Shin kwari masu hankali ne?
Shaida don nociception da yanayin valenced tana tarawa a cikin kudan zuma da kuda; filin yana ɗaukar shi a matsayin tambaya mai mahimmanci kuma mai rai.

Tushe

An samo alkaluma daga tushen da aka jera a karshen wannan jagorar.

Rubutun wannan shafin yana da 'yancin sake amfani da shi a karkashin CC BY 4.0 tare da dangantawa ga Veg.ac.

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